| 1 |
|
1. T
2. F
3.T
4.F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
|
1.F
2.T
3.T
4.F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
|
1.F
2.T
3.T
4.T |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
|
1 F
2 T
3 F
4 T |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
|
1.T
2 F
3. T
4T |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
|
1.T
2.F
3F
4T |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
|
1.T
2.F
3.F
4T |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 F |
|
|
|
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
|
1. F
2. T
3.T
4.F |
|
1. Unmodified leaves are dark in color. Transfected GFP without mute is bright green.
2. The promoter is not transcribed, but the siRNA that opposes it can still block its expression.
3.GFP remains stationary in the offspring, although siRNAs no longer exist. when aiming to attack a promoter
4.This is not genetic, indicating that it is less likely to be metamorphism.
|
Transgenerational epigenetic effects include all processes that have evolved to achieve the nongenetic determination of phenotype.Transgenerational epigenetic effects include both the physiological and behavioral (intellectual) transfer of information across generations.
A simple method to determine transfection efficiency is by using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a reporter. Using an appropriate promoter |
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
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+35%
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| 18 |
|
1.F
2.T
3.F
4.F |
|
1. 3 shows more neurons running in parallel tracks on either side of the midline. and don't cut through it more than 1
2. Robo Knockouts ( the seacon one ) crosses the midline more often. This indicates that robo-receptors tend to carry neurons away from cells showing midline slits.
3. Com knockouts have the opposite phenotype to Robo knockouts and Comm overexpression. giving a phenotype similar to Robo knockouts. This indicates that Comm tends to suppress Robo.
4. the ladders can occur if neurons cross the midline only infrequently. So after crossing They should be more sensitive to Slit for a while. By increasing the Robo expression. This requires that the Comm expression be reduced when the center line is crossed.
Neurons cross the midline > com expression decreases > robo is upregulated > tapping sensitivity > more midline repulsion > no more crosses. |
https://www.genetics.org/content/213/4/1111
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214574516301006
Netrin-Frazzled and Slit-Robo pathways regulate axon guidance in Drosophila embryos.
•Regulation and cross-talk characterize Drosophila axon guidance pathways.
•Robo family receptors have diverse axon guidance activities in Drosophila.
•Signaling mechanisms in Drosophila are conserved in some insects, divergent in others. |
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
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| 19 |
|
1. F
2.T
3.F |
|
will be illustrate in my paper |
This regulation is understood 'big data' Most of the lengths are conected to eash others.
Most of the length of the mitochondrial bar is unconnected.
a lot of the links are between close organelles |
8 |
-.50
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เต็ม
0
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| 20 |
|
1 T
2 F
3 F
4 T |
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1 . The intracellular cavity has much larger pores. For higher backflow, the ER membrane has a much larger surface area than PM, and the Ca2+ concentration gradient between ER and the cytoplasm is much larger.
2.Other ions are in equilibrium throughout the ER membrane. They are in PM imbalance, so Ca2+ must be pumped up and electrochemically expelled from the cell. But it just adds a chemical level into the ER.
3.Large-diameter ER Ca2+ channels are permeable to Na+ and K+, so they severely impede muscle AP transfer. which hinders performance
4. Must go in to contract and come back out to relax faster |
Cell physiology is the biological study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive. The term physiology refers to normal functions in a living organism. Animal cells, plant cells and microorganism cells show similarities in their functions even though they vary in structure |
8 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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