| 1 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
|
FOXA2 and OTX2 |
|
The STEM-PD trail makes midbrain dopaminergic neurons to treat Parkinson’s disease. FOXA2 and OTX2 are specific proteins found in these correct cells. Checking for them proves that the batch is pure and developing properly. |
This is based on Cellular Quality Control and characterization in stem cell therapy. Measuring co-expression of floor-plate markers like FOXA2 and OTX2 is a standard scientific method to evaluate the purity and identity of midbrain progenitors before transplantation. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
|
To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
|
The integration of AI into medical imaging primarily aims to assist clinicians in detecting anomalies that might be overlooked, thereby increasing diagnostic precision and speed, which directly leads to better treatment planning and patient outcomes. |
Based on the principles of Precision Medicine and Radiology Informatics, where Deep Learning models are utilized to reduce false-negative rates in screening and diagnostic procedures. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
|
Acts as a second medical opinion |
|
AI in radiology functions as a digital "second pair of eyes" by automatically scanning and highlighting suspicious areas on X-rays or MRIs, providing radiologists with a reliable second opinion to minimize human error. |
Supported by the framework of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), which are designed to enhance human decision-making through parallel verification rather than replacing the medical professional entirely. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
|
Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
|
AI literacy refers to an individual's foundational knowledge and capability to understand how AI systems operate, including their capabilities and limitations, ensuring the technology is used effectively and responsibly. |
Aligns with the 21st Century Skills framework regarding Technological and Digital Literacy, which emphasizes that users must comprehend the underlying logic of new technologies to safely adopt them. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
|
The color of the AI machines |
|
Medical professional acceptance of AI is driven by critical factors like workflow integration, trust, safety, and systemic understanding. The physical color of the hardware is merely an aesthetic detail that has no bearing on clinical adoption. |
Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which states that the core determinants of technology adoption are Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use, rather than cosmetic or superficial features. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
|
Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
|
Social influence plays an important role because the opinions, recommendations, and shared experiences of medical peers and professional networks heavily influence whether an individual doctor decides to adopt and use AI systems in their daily practice. |
Aligns with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), where "Social Influence" is established as a key construct determining an individual's behavioral intention to adopt a new technology. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
|
Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
|
A prominent perceived threat among healthcare workers regarding AI adoption is automation anxiety—the fear that highly capable AI systems could eventually replace medical professionals or reduce the demand for human clinical staff. |
Based on sociological frameworks regarding workplace automation and labor dynamics, specifically addressing professional identity threat and role substitution concerns within specialized fields. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
|
Designing human-centred AI systems |
|
To increase acceptability among medical professionals, AI systems must be designed around human workflows and clinical needs. A human-centred design ensures the technology supports clinicians rather than creating additional friction or replacing their judgment. |
Grounded in the principles of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Human-Centered AI (HCAI), which focus on creating intelligent tools that augment, empower, and enhance human capabilities rather than work against them. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
|
Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
|
The 'system usage' category addresses how the technology actually functions within the professional setting. This directly includes its clear value proposition (the tangible benefits it brings) and how smoothly it integrates with existing clinical workflows. |
Supported by operational management principles and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which highlight that compatibility with existing work practices and perceived usefulness are core drivers of operational system adoption. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
|
Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
|
Ethicality impacts AI acceptability because healthcare professionals evaluate AI systems based on how well the technology aligns with core medical values, such as patient data privacy, accountability, transparency, and non-maleficence. |
Based on Bioethics frameworks (the principles of medical ethics) combined with Value-Sensitive Design (VSD), which posits that technological tools must align with the moral and professional values of their users to be accepted. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
|
Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
|
Future research into AI acceptability must look beyond simple technical performance metrics and instead focus deeply on user experience (UX) design, human-AI collaboration, and how seamlessly these platforms fit into complex hospital networks. |
Aligns with Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory, which emphasizes that for a technological implementation to succeed, the design must optimize both the technical subsystem and the social/human subsystem concurrently. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
|
To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
|
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. The primary goal of using human embryonic stem cells is to differentiate them into functioning neurons to replace those that have been lost, thereby restoring motor function. |
Based on the principles of Regenerative Medicine and the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease, specifically focusing on Cell Replacement Therapy to target the root biological cause of the disorder. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
|
Rats |
|
The preclinical trials for the STEM-PD product were conducted using rat models to evaluate both the safety profile and the therapeutic efficacy of the cell transplant before advancing to human clinical trials. |
Based on standard preclinical testing protocols in neuropharmacology and stem cell research, where specific rodent models (such as neurotoxin-lesioned rats) are the established standard for studying Parkinson's disease treatments. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
|
9 months |
|
The preclinical safety study monitored the subjects over a duration of 9 months to adequately observe long-term cell survival and integration, and to definitively rule out delayed adverse effects like tumor formation. |
Guided by regulatory guidelines for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs), which require extended in vivo monitoring (typically 6-9 months in rodents) to ensure long-term safety profiles prior to human testing. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
|
Phase I/IIa |
|
The STEM-PD trial is structured as a Phase I/IIa clinical trial. This is an early-stage, first-in-human study designed primarily to assess the safety and tolerability of the stem cell transplant, alongside observing preliminary signs of clinical efficacy. |
Aligns with standard clinical development pathways for experimental cell therapies, where Phase I focuses on dose-escalation and safety, while Phase IIa provides early proof-of-concept for therapeutic effect in a small patient cohort. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
|
Under GMP-compliant conditions |
|
The STEM-PD product is manufactured strictly under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions to ensure the cells are produced consistently, safely, and are completely free from contamination, making them legally and medically suitable for human transplantation. |
Regulated by strict international pharmaceutical manufacturing standards (e.g., FDA and EMA regulations), which mandate that all clinical-grade biological products follow rigorous GMP protocols for quality assurance and quality control. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
|
There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
|
The safety of the STEM-PD product was confirmed by the absence of adverse effects, specifically demonstrating that the transplanted stem cells matured safely and did not lead to teratomas, tumors, or inappropriate cellular overgrowth in the brain. |
Based on toxicological and oncological safety endpoints required for stem cell therapies. A clean safety profile regarding tumorigenicity is mandatory for regulatory approval to proceed from preclinical models to human trials. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 18 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
|
Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
|
The efficacy study demonstrated that the transplanted stem cells successfully survived, functioned as dopamine-producing neurons, and effectively reversed the motor symptoms and movement deficits associated with Parkinson's disease in the animal models. |
Corresponds to behavioral neuroscience assessments in Parkinsonian animal models, which serve as standard functional endpoints to prove that a cell graft successfully restores targeted dopaminergic transmission and physiological function. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
|
They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
|
Growth factors like FGF8b and SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) are applied during the manufacturing process to carefully guide (or "pattern") the embryonic stem cells to differentiate specifically into midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells. |
Grounded in developmental biology and stem cell engineering principles, utilizing established morphogen signaling pathways to mimic natural embryonic brain development in vitro, thus controlling precise cell fate specification. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
|
Recovery of motor function |
|
A primary efficacy outcome measured in the preclinical trials was the recovery of motor function. Because Parkinson's is fundamentally a movement disorder, verifying that the cell transplant restores normal movement and coordination is the most critical metric. |
Based on the foundational pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (the loss of motor control due to striatal dopamine depletion) and the translational research paradigm, where restoring neurological motor circuitry defines therapeutic success. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|