| 1 |
Why is hyperthermia considered a beneficial adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
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It makes cancer cells more susceptible to other treatments. |
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hyperthermia heats tumour tissue which damages proteins and weakens dna repair, making cancer cells less able to survive radiation and chemotherapy so those treatments become more effective |
this choice fits because an adjunct therapy supports existing treatments rather than replacing them, and the other options describe replacement, recovery, or unrelated benefits |
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| 2 |
Considering the physics of heat transfer, why is controlling hyperthermia challenging during treatment?
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Human tissue has varying thermal conductivities which affect heat distribution. |
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different tissues like fat, muscle, blood, and bone transfer and store heat at different rates, and blood flow can carry heat away, making it hard to keep the tumour at a precise therapeutic temperature |
this fits heat transfer physics because different tissues move and lose heat differently, so the heat spreads unevenly and is hard to control |
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| 3 |
What is a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia?
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Systemic stress affecting major organs |
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whole-body hyperthermia elevates core body temperature to levels that stress vital organs such as the heart and brain, making systemic strain the major risk |
Answered this because raising the entire body temperature affects organ function and circulation, while the other options are not recognized medical risks of hyperthermia |
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| 4 |
What type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat?
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Endocavitary hyperthermia |
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this method delivers heat using applicators placed inside or close to a body cavity (such as the cervix, rectum, or esophagus) to target tumors in those areas |
Because the key feature is heat delivery within a body cavitywhile local and regional methods heat tissue from outside or across larger areas |
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| 5 |
Which type of hyperthermia involves heating a larger region or the whole body?
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Whole-body hyperthermia |
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It raises the temperature of the entire body rather than targeting a small area, often used when cancer has spread or is widespread |
Because it fits the question and local methods targets specific tumor sites while regional heats one area only |
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| 6 |
What is the main challenge of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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Reaching and maintaining the required temperature in the target area. |
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Cause hyperthermia only works if the tumor stays at the right temperature, but blood flow and heat loss make control difficult |
temperature control is the main challenge, not cost or lack of evidence which are the other options |
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| 7 |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with which of the following treatments?
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy |
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hyperthermia makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiation and drugs, improving treatment effectiveness |
because it enhances standard cancer therapies, while the other options are not its primary use. |
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| 8 |
What is the primary benefit of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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It kills cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. |
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Because hyperthermis raises tumor temperature to damage cancer cells and increase their sensitiveity while normal cells are more heat-resistant and recover better than malignant cells |
Because hyperthermia raises tumor temperature to damage cancer cells and increase their sensitivit while normal cells are more heat-resistant and recover better than malignant cells |
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| 9 |
Which method is used to apply heat directly to a tumor in local hyperthermia?
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Microwaves |
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It is used in local hyperthermia because they penetrate body tissues and generate heat directly inside the tumor and help damage or destroy cancer cells |
Local hyperthermia needs energy that can reach internal tissue, and microwaves can focus heat directly on the tumor |
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| 10 |
What is hyperthermia commonly used to treat?
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Cancer |
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Its used to damage and weaken cancer cells, making them easier to kill |
The treatment raises tumor temperature and helps improve the effectiveness of other cancer therapies |
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| 11 |
What is the importance of the photodiode array detector in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
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It measures absorbance at multiple wavelengths, allowing precise identification of pesticide compounds |
Different pesticides absorb light diferently , so scanning many wavelengths improves detection and confirmation |
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| 12 |
Considering the environmental impacts discussed, why is the HMLC method considered 'green'?
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It involves less waste and uses low-toxicity solvents. |
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The method minimizes hazardous chemicals and reduces waste, making it safer for the environment |
green analytical techniques focus on lowering solvent use and toxicity to reduce environmental impact |
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| 13 |
What aspect of the pesticide detection method was focused on during the method validation phase?
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Ensuring it produced results quickly for market use. |
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Fast results support monitoring thats timely of pesticide contamination in produce |
Method validation evaluates analysis time and efficiency to ensure practical use in real testing environments |
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| 14 |
What is the major benefit of using ICP as a pesticide, according to the study?
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It is cheaper than other pesticides. |
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Low costs makes it more accessible and practical for widespread agricultural use |
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| 15 |
According to the study, why might vegetable growers prefer other pesticides over Imidacloprid (ICP)?
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ICP is less effective on pests. |
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The growers prioritize strong pest control, so a pesticide that works less effectively wouldnt be preferred |
Effectiveness directly affects crop protection and yield, which makes it the key factor influencing pesticide choice |
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| 16 |
What was the primary methodological change in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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Use of a micellar mobile phase with reduced solvent usage. |
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This lowers solvent toxicity and waste while maintaining effective pesticide separation |
The study emphasizes a greener and safer method, and micellar mobile phases reduce organic solvent use while preserving analytical performance |
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| 17 |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the use of hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC)?
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It requires extensive solvent use. |
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HMLC is designed to minimize solvent consumption and reduce chemical hazards |
HMLC is designed to minimize solvent consumption and reduce chemical hazards which is promoted as green and efficient so a claim of extensive solvent use contradicts its advantages |
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| 18 |
What percentage of the vegetable samples tested were found to contain no detectable pesticides?
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16% |
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16% of the vegetable samples showed no detectable pesticide residues |
It was in the residue analysis results |
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| 19 |
Which pesticide was found most commonly in the vegetable samples?
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Chlorpyrifos |
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It was detected most frequently among the vegetable samples |
Residue analysis results show chlorpyrifos appearing highest in number |
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| 20 |
What is hybrid micellar liquid chromatography primarily used for in the study?
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To detect commonly used pesticides in vegetables. |
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The technique is used to identiffy and measure pesticide residues in vegetable samples |
The study applied HMLC to analyze extracts from vegetables and detect pesticide resideus at measurable levels. |
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