| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
|
To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
|
AI in medical imaging is primarily used to analyze images quickly and accurately, helping radiologists detect diseases earlier and more reliably. Its main goal is to enhance diagnostic performance and improve patient care, rather than administrative tasks or marketing. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, AI tools are designed to support clinical decision-making, improve diagnostic accuracy, and optimize patient outcomes. This aligns with health informatics and medical technology principles, which emphasize leveraging AI to enhance clinical effectiveness and efficiency. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
|
Acts as a second medical opinion |
|
AI in radiology can assist radiologists by providing a second opinion, helping to identify findings that might be missed and improving diagnostic confidence. This support enhances accuracy and patient safety without replacing clinicians. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, AI serves as a decision-support tool, offering an additional layer of analysis to improve diagnostic reliability. This aligns with principles in medical decision-making and clinical informatics, where AI complements human expertise rather than fully replacing it. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
|
Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
|
AI literacy refers to the knowledge and understanding of how AI works, its capabilities, and limitations. In medical imaging, this allows healthcare professionals to interpret AI outputs effectively and integrate them safely into clinical practice. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, AI literacy is crucial for adoption and trust in AI tools, ensuring that professionals can critically evaluate AI recommendations. This aligns with technology acceptance and health informatics principles, emphasizing knowledge as key to safe and effective use. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
|
The color of the AI machines |
|
Factors influencing AI acceptability include trust in AI, integration with workflows, system understanding, and technology receptiveness. The color of the AI machines is irrelevant and does not affect healthcare professionals’ willingness to adopt AI tools. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, acceptability depends on technical, workflow, and cognitive factors, but aesthetic aspects like device color are not considered. This aligns with technology acceptance models (TAM), which emphasize perceived usefulness and ease of use as drivers of adoption. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
|
Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
|
Social influence refers to how the opinions and behaviors of peers, colleagues, or leaders affect an individual’s decision. In healthcare, professionals are more likely to adopt AI tools if trusted colleagues or supervisors endorse them, impacting acceptance and use in clinical practice. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, social influence is a key factor affecting AI adoption. This aligns with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) principles, which highlight that peer and organizational norms shape technology acceptance. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
|
Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
|
A key perceived threat of AI in healthcare is that it might replace or reduce the role of healthcare professionals, leading to job insecurity or decreased professional autonomy. This concern can affect willingness to adopt AI tools despite their potential benefits. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, fear of job replacement is a common barrier to AI acceptance. This aligns with technology acceptance and organizational behavior theories, which recognize that perceived threats to professional roles influence adoption decisions. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
|
Designing human-centred AI systems |
|
The article emphasizes that AI systems should be designed around the needs, workflows, and decision-making processes of healthcare professionals. Human-centred design increases usability, trust, and integration into clinical practice, thereby improving acceptability. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, human-centred AI design is crucial for adoption. This aligns with user-centred design principles and technology acceptance theories, which stress that tools tailored to user needs and context are more likely to be accepted and effectively used. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
|
Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
|
The ‘system usage’ category refers to how AI tools fit into clinical workflows and provide tangible value to healthcare professionals. Successful integration and clear benefits encourage adoption, whereas poorly integrated systems reduce usability and acceptance. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, system usage factors include workflow integration, perceived usefulness, and value proposition. This aligns with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) principles, where perceived usefulness and ease of use are key determinants of technology adoption. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
|
Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
|
Ethicality impacts AI acceptability because healthcare professionals evaluate whether AI tools align with their professional values, such as patient safety, privacy, and equity. If an AI system is perceived as unethical or conflicting with medical ethics, adoption is less likely. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, ethical considerations—including fairness, transparency, and patient safety are central to acceptance. This aligns with ethics in health informatics and technology acceptance frameworks, which recognize that perceived ethical alignment influences professional trust and use. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
|
Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
|
The article emphasizes that future studies should focus on how AI tools integrate into clinical workflows and how users experience them. Understanding user experience and system fit is essential for improving adoption and ensuring that AI tools are practical, trustworthy, and effective in real-world settings. |
According to “Understanding the factors influencing acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains among healthcare professionals: A scoping review”, methodological recommendations include human-centred approaches that assess workflow integration, usability, and user perceptions. This aligns with user-centred design principles and technology acceptance frameworks, which stress that system integration and user experience are critical determinants of adoption. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
|
To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
|
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, which can potentially replace the lost cells and restore dopamine function, addressing the root cause of motor symptoms. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, hESCs are used in regenerative medicine for cell replacement therapy. This aligns with stem cell biology and regenerative neuroscience principles, which emphasize differentiation into specific cell types to restore function in degenerative diseases. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
|
Monkeys |
|
Non-human primates, like monkeys, are used because their neurological systems closely resemble humans, making them suitable for testing the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapies for Parkinson’s disease before human trials. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, preclinical studies in primates are crucial for assessing cell survival, integration, and functional recovery, aligning with translational research principles that bridge laboratory findings to clinical applications. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
|
12 months |
|
The preclinical safety study in rats lasted 12 months to evaluate the long-term effects, potential tumorigenicity, and overall safety of the stem cell therapy before progressing to human trials. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, long-term preclinical studies in animal models are essential to ensure safety and stability of transplanted cells. This aligns with regenerative medicine and translational research principles, which require thorough safety assessment prior to clinical application. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
|
Phase I/IIa |
|
The STEM-PD clinical trial is described as Phase I/IIa, which focuses on assessing safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy in a small group of participants before larger-scale efficacy trials. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, Phase I/IIa trials are used in early-stage clinical research to evaluate safety, dosing, and initial biological activity. This aligns with clinical trial design principles in regenerative medicine, emphasizing stepwise testing from preclinical to clinical phases. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
|
Under GMP-compliant conditions |
|
The STEM-PD product is manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions to ensure quality, consistency, safety, and regulatory compliance for clinical use. GMP standards are essential for producing cells intended for transplantation into humans. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, GMP-compliant production is critical in regenerative medicine to maintain sterility, reproducibility, and safety. This aligns with biomanufacturing and regulatory science principles, which ensure that cell therapies meet clinical and ethical standards. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
|
There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
|
The preclinical study in rats demonstrated that the STEM-PD product did not cause adverse effects or tumor formation, confirming its safety for potential human use. This indicates that the transplanted cells were stable and did not induce harmful responses over the study period. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, absence of adverse events and tumorigenicity in preclinical models is a key requirement for advancing stem cell therapies to clinical trials. This aligns with regenerative medicine safety assessment principles, which prioritize long-term evaluation of transplanted cells before human application. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
|
Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
|
The efficacy study showed that STEM-PD cells differentiated into dopamine neurons and restored motor function in Parkinson’s disease rat models. This provides preclinical evidence of therapeutic potential for addressing motor symptoms caused by dopaminergic neuron loss. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, preclinical efficacy studies assess whether transplanted stem cells can survive, integrate, and improve functional outcomes. This aligns with regenerative neuroscience principles, which aim to replace lost neurons and restore function in neurodegenerative disease models. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
|
LMX1A and EN1 |
|
The STEM-PD batch purity was assessed using LMX1A and EN1 markers, which are specific to midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells. Ensuring high expression of these markers confirms that the differentiated cells are the desired cell type for Parkinson’s therapy and reduces the risk of unwanted cell types. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, cell identity and purity are validated using lineage-specific markers like LMX1A and EN1, which are critical in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine to ensure safety and efficacy before clinical transplantation. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
|
They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
|
FGF8b and SHH are critical signaling molecules used during differentiation to guide stem cells toward midbrain dopaminergic neuron fate. They ensure that the resulting cells have the correct regional identity and functional properties needed for Parkinson’s therapy. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, patterning with growth factors like FGF8b and SHH is a standard method in stem cell differentiation protocols to generate lineage-specific progenitors. This aligns with principles in developmental biology and regenerative medicine, where signaling pathways are used to control cell fate. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
|
Recovery of motor function |
|
A key outcome in preclinical trials for Parkinson’s disease is improvement in motor deficits, since the disease primarily affects movement due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Successful recovery indicates that transplanted stem cells are functionally integrating and restoring dopamine signaling. |
According to “International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Position Paper: Key considerations to support evidence-based cell and gene therapies and oppose marketing of unproven products”, motor function recovery is a standard measure of efficacy in Parkinson’s preclinical studies. This aligns with neuroscience and regenerative medicine principles, which assess functional outcomes to validate therapeutic interventions. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|