| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
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To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
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AI improves diagnostic accuracy by detecting abnormalities quickly, reducing human error, and supporting early diagnosis that leads to faster treatment. |
AI uses machine learning and deep learning models trained on large medical image datasets to recognize disease patterns and analyze images pixel by pixel with high precision. |
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| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
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Acts as a second medical opinion |
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AI provides an additional layer of analysis that supports radiologists by confirming or questioning findings, which helps reduce diagnostic errors. |
AI systems use trained algorithms to compare current medical images with large datasets, allowing them to identify patterns and anomalies that may be overlooked by humans. |
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| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
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Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
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AI literacy means having enough understanding of how AI works so that people can use it correctly, safely, and effectively in real situations. |
AI literacy is based on learning core concepts such as data, algorithms, machine learning processes, and limitations of AI systems, enabling users to make informed decisions. |
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| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
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The color of the AI machines |
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The color of AI machines has no impact on whether healthcare professionals accept or trust AI, and it is not mentioned as a meaningful factor in the article. |
Acceptability of AI is based on functional and professional factors—such as trust, understanding, workflow integration, and openness to technology—rather than superficial attributes like appearance. |
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| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
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Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
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Social influence affects whether healthcare professionals feel encouraged or pressured by peers, supervisors, or workplace culture to adopt AI tools. |
The principle is that people’s technology acceptance is shaped not only by the tool itself but also by social norms and the behavior of influential individuals around them. |
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| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
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Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
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A major perceived threat is the fear that AI could replace certain tasks done by healthcare professionals, leading to worries about job security. |
The principle is that when new technology appears to automate core professional tasks, people naturally perceive it as a threat to their role and future within the organization. |
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| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
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Designing human-centred AI systems |
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Human-centred AI focuses on supporting medical professionals’ needs, improving usability, and ensuring AI works alongside clinicians rather than replacing them. This approach increases trust and comfort in using AI. |
The principle is that technology is more readily accepted when it aligns with users’ workflows, supports decision-making, and enhances not disrupts the professional environment. |
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| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
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Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
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The system usage category includes how useful the AI system is (its value proposition) and how well it fits into existing clinical workflows, which directly affects whether professionals will use it. |
The principle is that AI must deliver clear practical benefits and integrate smoothly into everyday operations; otherwise, adoption becomes difficult regardless of its technical quality. |
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| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
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Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
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Ethicality significantly impacts the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals because it shapes how well AI aligns with their responsibilities, professional values, and patient-centered standards. While ethical considerations do not determine pricing, are not restricted to legal contexts, are highly relevant in medical environments, and extend far beyond system manufacturing, they remain a core factor influencing trust, willingness to adopt, and perceived safety of AI in clinical practice. |
Healthcare professionals prioritize patient safety, fairness, transparency, and respect for autonomy, so AI must reflect these ethical principles to be accepted. |
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| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
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Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
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It argues that acceptability depends not just on algorithm performance, but on real-world workflow integration, user trust, understandability, usability, and how the AI fits into daily clinical practice. |
therefore calls for human-centred, context-aware evaluation methods rather than purely technical or economic assessments. |
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| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
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To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
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Parkinson’s disease is caused primarily by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. |
Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into dopamine-producing neurons, making them a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing the cells lost to the disease. |
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| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
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Rats |
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Preclinical safety testing of the STEM-PD product was conducted in a 39 week study in rats, checking for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution. |
A separate non GLP efficacy study in a rodent (rat) model of Parkinson’s disease demonstrated that transplanted STEM-PD cells matured into dopamine producing neurons and fully restored motor function in the animals. |
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| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
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9 months |
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The published safety evaluation of STEM-PD reported a “39-week rat GLP safety study” for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution. |
39 weeks corresponds to roughly about 9 months, showing a long term observation period to detect possible adverse effects before proceeding to human trials. |
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| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
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Phase I/IIa |
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The authors state that the preclinical data support the “first-in-human STEM-PD phase I/IIa clinical trial.” |
Regulatory approval has been granted for this phase I/IIa trial. |
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| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
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Under GMP-compliant conditions |
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The original publication states the STEM-PD product “was manufactured under GMP and quality tested in vitro and in vivo to meet regulatory requirements.” |
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) ensures reproducibility, safety, sterility, consistent quality across batches critical for a clinical-grade stem-cell therapy. |
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| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
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There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
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In the 39 week GLP safety study in rats, the researchers observed no adverse effects, no tumorigenicity, and no concerning cell biodistribution outside the transplant region. |
This means the transplanted cells did not trigger harmful outcomes (like toxicity or tumor formation), and remained localized supporting a favorable safety profile before moving to human trials. |
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| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
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Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
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After transplantation of the human embryonic stemcell derived cells in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease, the animals showed restoration of motor function indicating that the new dopamine-producing neurons successfully integrated and functioned. |
This reversal of motor symptoms demonstrates that the therapy was effective in replacing lost dopaminergic function, supporting its potential clinical benefit. |
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| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
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LMX1A and EN1 |
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STEM-PD is a cell product consisting of ventral midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) progenitor cells intended for transplantation to treat Parkinson's disease. |
Purity assessment requires markers that confirm the cells have successfully differentiated into the specific lineage (mDA) and are at the correct developmental stage (progenitor).. |
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| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
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They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
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Growth factors such as FGF8b and SHH are commonly used during stem cell differentiation to pattern cells toward a midbrain dopaminergic neuron identity. |
SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) provides ventralization signals.
FGF8b provides rostrocaudal patterning cues.
Together, they help direct embryonic stem cells into the specific neural subtype needed for Parkinson’s disease therapy. |
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| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
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Recovery of motor function |
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In the efficacy study, transplantation of the stem-cell derived product into a rat model of Parkinson’s disease led to restoration of motor performance. |
This demonstrated that the new dopamine-producing neurons were functional and could reverse the motor deficits caused by loss of native neurons. |
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