| 1 |
What is hybrid micellar liquid chromatography primarily used for in the study?
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To detect commonly used pesticides in vegetables. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน abstract |
ใน abstract มีการกล่าวว่า "based on hybrid micellar liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector has been developed and validated to monitor imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, profenofos and cypermethrin content in green leafy vegetables." |
7 |
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+.25
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| 2 |
Which pesticide was found most commonly in the vegetable samples?
|
Chlorpyrifos |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน result and discussion |
ใน result and discussion มีการกล่าวว่า "Chlorpyrifos was found to be the most commonly used pesticide among vegetable growers." |
7 |
-.50
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| 3 |
What percentage of the vegetable samples tested were found to contain no detectable pesticides?
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|
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7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
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0
-35%
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| 4 |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the use of hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC)?
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It requires extensive solvent use. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ 3.3.1. Selection of chromatographic conditions |
มีการกล่าวว่า "The optimized mobile phase uses low toxic organic solvent than typicallyemployedinhydro-organicmobilephase" |
7 |
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| 5 |
What was the primary methodological change in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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Use of a micellar mobile phase with reduced solvent usage. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน introduction |
ใน introduction มีการกล่าวว่า "Nevertheless, a hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC) can also be used. HMLC is a modified version of the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique, where the composition of the mobile phase is a modified aqueous micellar mobile phase with a major part of water, surfactant (above critical micellar concentration) and low concentration of short-chain alcohols (i.e., 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol) as an organic modifier." |
7 |
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| 6 |
According to the study, why might vegetable growers prefer other pesticides over Imidacloprid (ICP)?
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ICP is less effective on pests. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน result and discussion |
ใน result and discussion มีการกล่าวว่า "The study started with a survey of local insecticide dealers, which clearly showed that conventional pesticides i.e., OPs (organophosphates) i.e. were available at lower prices (around ten times) in comparison to that of NN (ICP)." |
7 |
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| 7 |
What is the major benefit of using ICP as a pesticide, according to the study?
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It is less toxic compared to many others. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน conclusion |
ใน conclusion มีการกล่าวว่า "The results indicated that while ICP was nontoxic and safer among well-known pesticides available in the market" |
7 |
-.50
-.25
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| 8 |
What aspect of the pesticide detection method was focused on during the method validation phase?
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Ensuring it can detect extremely low pesticide levels. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน 3.3.2. Method validation |
ในหัวข้อ 3.3.2. Method validation มีการกล่าวว่า "limit of quantification (0.09–0.25 mg/Kg, depending on the analyte under investigation" |
7 |
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| 9 |
Considering the environmental impacts discussed, why is the HMLC method considered 'green'?
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It involves less waste and uses low-toxicity solvents. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน conclusion |
ใน conclusion มีการกล่าวว่า "The developed procedure is rapid, easy to handle, green since it uses a low amount of toxic chemicals providing reliable results." |
7 |
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| 10 |
What is the importance of the photodiode array detector in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน 2.5. Chromatographic conditions instruments and software processing |
ในหัวข้อ 2.5. Chromatographic conditions instruments and software processing มีการกล่าวว่า "based on hybrid micellar liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector has been developed and validated to monitor imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, profenofos and cypermethrin content in green leafy vegetables" |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
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| 11 |
What is hyperthermia commonly used to treat?
|
Cancer |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน abstract
|
ใน abstract มีการกล่าวว่า " However, hyperthermia is the technique that neglects the use of chemicals or harmful
radiations. The elevated body temperature can damage the cancerous cells with minimum injury to the normal cells. Successful therapy method in combination with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy is provided to the cancer patient which proved to be beneficial to the patients." |
7 |
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| 12 |
Which method is used to apply heat directly to a tumor in local hyperthermia?
|
Microwaves |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ Local Hyperthermia |
ในหัวข้อ Local Hyperthermia มีการกล่าวว่า "Local hyperthermia is a technique in which heat is applied to a small area, such as tumor in a tissue, using different techniques that deliver heat energy to the tumor. Different techniques were used to incorporate heat like as microwave, ultrasound and radiofrequency." |
7 |
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| 13 |
What is the primary benefit of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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It kills cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ introduction |
ใน introduction มีการกล่าวว่า"Research has shown that elevated body temperature can damage and kill cancerous cells with minimal injury to normal cells" |
7 |
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| 14 |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with which of the following treatments?
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy |
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มีการกล่าวถึงใน abstract |
ใน abstract มีการกล่าวว่า "Successful therapy method in combination with radiation therapy and/ or chemotherapy is provided to the cancer patient which proved to be beneficial to the patients." |
7 |
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| 15 |
What is the main challenge of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
|
Reaching and maintaining the required temperature in the target area. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ introduction |
ในหัวข้อ introduction มีการกล่าวว่า "Attaining temperature above the systemic temperature 37 C in a specified target volume is a challenge and still under development." |
7 |
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| 16 |
Which type of hyperthermia involves heating a larger region or the whole body?
|
Whole-body hyperthermia |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ Whole Body Hyperthermia |
ในหัวข้อWhole body hyperthermia มีการกล่าวว่า "Whole Body Hyperthermia is applied to treat metastatic tumor that has spread throughout the body." |
7 |
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| 17 |
What type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat?
|
Endocavitary hyperthermia |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ Intraluminal or endocavitary |
ในหัวข้อ Intraluminal or endocavitary มีการกล่าวว่า "Used to treat the tumors within the body or near body cavities, like as esophagus or rectum. Probes were placed inside the cavity and then inserted into the tumor to deliver energy and heat the area directly." |
7 |
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| 18 |
What is a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia?
|
Systemic stress affecting major organs |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ Whole Body Hyperthermia |
ในหัวข้อ Whole body hyperthermia มีการกล่าวว่า "In interaction with the various an-esthetics, as compared with local regional methods, an entirely different range of toxic effects arises from the systemic stress" |
7 |
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| 19 |
Considering the physics of heat transfer, why is controlling hyperthermia challenging during treatment?
|
Human tissue has varying thermal conductivities which affect heat distribution. |
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มีการกล่าวถึงในหัวข้อ Treatment Planning and Simulation |
ในหัวข้อ Treatment Planning and Simulation มีการกล่าวว่า "The problem associated with these thermal method generation of vessel network requires-long time, poorly — predictable, variation in thermal properties of tissues." |
7 |
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| 20 |
Why is hyperthermia considered a beneficial adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
|
It makes cancer cells more susceptible to other treatments. |
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ในทั้งงานวิจัย |
มีประโยคที่กล่าวว่า "Hyperthermia may make some of the tumor cells more prone to radiations or damage other cancer cells which cannot be damaged by radiation" |
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