| 1 |
How might using gold nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors enhance early-stage disease detection?
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2. By increasing surface interactions for more accurate biomarker capture |
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by improving sensitivity, specificity, and signal amplification. |
Their large surface area allows for efficient immobilization of biomolecules, enhancing detection of low-abundance biomarkers, and their excellent conductivity facilitates electron transfer, leading to stronger signals. |
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| 2 |
Which of the following best explains how label-free electrochemical sensors support point-of-care medical diagnostics?
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3. They provide direct measurement of target molecules with minimal preparation |
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they directly measure changes in the electrical properties of the sensor when the analyte binds to the recognition element. |
Label-free electrochemical sensors are valuable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics due to their ability to detect biomarkers without the need for time-consuming and expensive labeling processes. |
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| 3 |
Why is electrochemical transduction considered advantageous over optical transduction in medical diagnostic sensors?
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2. It is more compatible with smartphone integration for remote analysis |
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| 4 |
Which action would most effectively increase specificity in a sensor designed to detect a single disease biomarker?
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1. Shortening the bioreceptor chain length |
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| 5 |
In a scenario where a sensor must detect ultra-low concentrations of a cancer biomarker, which modification is most critical?
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3. Incorporating nanostructures to increase surface-to-volume ratio |
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| 6 |
Why might two electrochemical sensors using the same nanomaterial produce inconsistent results?
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5. Electricity supply in hospitals is unstable |
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| 7 |
Which characteristic makes nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors especially suitable for wearable medical devices?
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4. They self-destruct after use |
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| 8 |
What would likely happen if the bioreceptor layer is poorly immobilized on the sensor surface?
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3. Target biomolecules may not bind effectively, leading to weak or inaccurate signals |
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| 9 |
Which modification would most directly enhance electron transfer in the sensor system?
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3. Decreasing electrode surface roughness |
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| 10 |
How can digital sensing technologies best support personalized cancer care?
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1. By enabling population-wide data comparisons only |
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Digital sensing technologies are transforming cancer care by enabling early detection and precise diagnosis through wearable devices, liquid biopsies, and advanced imaging. |
4.1. Digital sensors applications in cancer detection
The integration of digital sensor technologies with oncology has opened new possibilities for accurate, efficient, and non-invasive cancer detection. The advances in digital sensor platforms are critical for the development of sophisticated cancer diagnostics, as illustrated in Figure 3 |
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| 11 |
If a clinician needs to monitor fatigue and motion in cancer patients at home, which device should be prioritized?
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2. Smart accelerometers in wearables |
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For clinicians monitoring fatigue and motion in cancer patients at home, wearable activity trackers like smartwatches (e.g., Apple Watch, Fitbit) and dedicated activity monitors are a good starting point. |
These devices can track activity levels (steps, distance, etc.) and potentially provide insights into fatigue levels based on activity patterns. For more in-depth monitoring, consider devices that can track other relevant metrics like heart rate, sleep patterns, and blood oxygen levels, which can also be affected by fatigue and impact a patient's activity. |
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| 12 |
Why is combining sensor data with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) important in digital cancer care?
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3. It allows a holistic understanding of patient experience |
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Combining sensor data with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in digital cancer care offers a more comprehensive and personalized approach to patient management. |
This integration allows for continuous monitoring of patient health status, capturing both objective physiological data from sensors and subjective experiences reported by patients, leading to earlier detection of issues, more proactive interventions, and improved patient engagement and outcomes. |
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| 13 |
A hospital invested in wearable digital monitoring but received low engagement from patients. Which of the following is most likely a contributing factor?
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1. Poor visual design of the dashboard |
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| 14 |
Which future trend is most aligned with the development of emerging digital cancer platforms?
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4. Increased manual charting in hospitals |
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| 15 |
How can real-time symptom monitoring positively affect treatment decisions?
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3. By enabling rapid intervention before major deterioration |
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Real-time symptom monitoring can significantly improve treatment decisions by enabling timely interventions, preventing adverse events, and enhancing patient outcomes. |
By continuously tracking symptoms, healthcare professionals can identify subtle changes or deterioration earlier, leading to faster adjustments in treatment plans and potentially preventing complications or hospital readmissions. This proactive approach also empowers patients, fostering better communication with their healthcare providers and promoting self-management of their health. |
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| 16 |
Which technology is best suited to detect rare cancer biomarkers with high precision?
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1. Digital ELISA |
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| 17 |
Why is collaboration between data scientists and clinicians essential in digital oncology platforms?
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5. Patients create their own treatment models |
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researchers can create more accurate predictive models and ensure that findings are both scientifically sound and clinically relevant. |
Oncology drug discovery requires collaboration between oncologists, bioinformaticians, and data scientists. By pooling expertise from different domains |
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| 18 |
Which outcome is most likely when cancer patients actively use digital health tools to track their condition?
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2. They engage more actively in shared treatment decisions |
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Cancer patients actively using digital health tools to track their condition are most likely to experience improved quality of life, better symptom management, and potentially increased survival rates. |
These tools facilitate early detection of issues, allow for timely interventions, and empower patients to be more actively involved in their care. |
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| 19 |
A research team is developing a highly selective electrochemical sensor for detecting cancer biomarkers in blood. Based on the diagram, which combination of nanoparticle properties would most likely enhance both specificity and signal sensitivity?
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2. Small spherical particles with antibody-conjugated targeting ligands |
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| 20 |
A hospital is planning to adopt a single digital sensing platform to support a wide range of diagnostic applications. Based on the image, which of the following most justifies this decision?
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3. Each type of diagnostic target (e.g., tumor cells, toxins) requires an entirely separate machine |
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