| 1 |
How might using gold nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors enhance early-stage disease detection?
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2. By increasing surface interactions for more accurate biomarker capture |
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The gold particles provide more surface to volume ratio meaning it has a high surface area so it can have more interactions the surface |
For example, gold nanoparticles have
been employed in electrochemical sensors for the detection of cancer
biomarkers, showing high sensitivity and reliability. |
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| 2 |
Which of the following best explains how label-free electrochemical sensors support point-of-care medical diagnostics?
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3. They provide direct measurement of target molecules with minimal preparation |
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It’s more direct as they don’t need labels or markers to show results |
External labels or indicators are not required to achieve results. Therefore the preparation time for the label free sensors are less than normal ones |
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| 3 |
Why is electrochemical transduction considered advantageous over optical transduction in medical diagnostic sensors?
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1. It produces visual signals easier for clinicians to interpret |
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Electrochemical transduction is faster and more sensitive to low concentrations of analytes that optical transducers may not be able to |
Electrochemical transducers are faster and more accurate, which is advantageous for everyone who requires a transducer |
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| 4 |
Which action would most effectively increase specificity in a sensor designed to detect a single disease biomarker?
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3. Functionalizing the electrode with disease-specific aptamers |
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Disease specific aptamers can detect a specific disease, while the other choices are not really about the specificity of the detection |
cer diagnosis [83].
Functionalizing nanomaterials with antibodies or aptamers specific
to the target biomarker enhances the selectivity and sensitivity of the
sensors |
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| 5 |
In a scenario where a sensor must detect ultra-low concentrations of a cancer biomarker, which modification is most critical?
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3. Incorporating nanostructures to increase surface-to-volume ratio |
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Nano structures provide a higher surface area, which means there would be more active sites reactions and interactions to indicate the presence of cancer |
Increased surface area and therefore interactions can help mitigate the low concentrations by increasing the amount of reactions that can be picked up on |
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| 6 |
Why might two electrochemical sensors using the same nanomaterial produce inconsistent results?
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3. Variations in nanomaterial synthesis affect structural uniformity |
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The smallest changes in the structure of the nano material can cause the results to differ |
Production of some nano materials are not very consistent and different batches of material can change the results. External factors like temperature and ph levels can also affect results |
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| 7 |
Which characteristic makes nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors especially suitable for wearable medical devices?
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3. They allow miniaturization without losing sensitivity |
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The nano technology is much smaller and more compact than regular things so it is easier to be made into something wearable |
Nanotechnology as the manipulation and control of matter at the
nanoscale (typically between 1 and 100 nm) has revolutionized various
scientific fields including medical diagnostics |
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| 8 |
What would likely happen if the bioreceptor layer is poorly immobilized on the sensor surface?
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3. Target biomolecules may not bind effectively, leading to weak or inaccurate signals |
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If target bio molecules can’t bind properly, it is unlikely that the results will be accurate |
Improper binding of molecules can cause weaker or wrong signals to be produced compared to a bioreceptor that is not immobilized |
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| 9 |
Which modification would most directly enhance electron transfer in the sensor system?
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2. Incorporating carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface |
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Metal nano particles enhance the electron transfer rate |
Metallic Nanoparticles: Gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles
enhance the electron transfer rates and provide active sites for
biomolecule attachment, improving the sensor's performance for
detecting glucose, cholesterol, and other analytes. |
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| 10 |
How can digital sensing technologies best support personalized cancer care?
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2. By collecting real-time data on patient-specific symptoms and responses |
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Each patient can have their own results be monitored and evaluated rather than being generalized |
Specific symptoms of a patient being monitored based on the person is a big step in personalized medicine |
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| 11 |
If a clinician needs to monitor fatigue and motion in cancer patients at home, which device should be prioritized?
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2. Smart accelerometers in wearables |
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Accelerometers measure acceleration and movement and can indicate fatigue |
Wearable devices can track movement and evaluate The fatigue of a patient based on their average movements |
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| 12 |
Why is combining sensor data with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) important in digital cancer care?
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3. It allows a holistic understanding of patient experience |
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Treatment can be adjusted based on the feedback of the patient and the results of the sensors, which work together on unison for a better experience |
It is important in progressing The field of patient care and taking the patients experience into account alongside the results of tests and sensors |
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| 13 |
A hospital invested in wearable digital monitoring but received low engagement from patients. Which of the following is most likely a contributing factor?
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3. Low digital health literacy among patients |
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Patients may not know how to use digital devices properly |
Low engagement can be from a patient not knowing how to use the devices, so they look for alternate things instead. Low digital literacy may also be more common among sick and unwell patients as their energy and time is spent fighting the diseases |
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| 14 |
Which future trend is most aligned with the development of emerging digital cancer platforms?
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2. Creation of pocket-sized biosensing tools integrated with smartphones |
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Sensors and tools are becoming smaller ands smaller, therefore the devices week become even more portable and pocket sized |
The emergence of Nano technology means things are getting smaller and more accurate, resulting in many devices becoming easier to carry around and use |
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| 15 |
How can real-time symptom monitoring positively affect treatment decisions?
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3. By enabling rapid intervention before major deterioration |
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Early signs of deterioration can be detected by the device and altar the doctors so they can intervene before its too late |
Doctors don’t have to wait for major symptoms before acting, making the chances of recovery much higher |
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| 16 |
Which technology is best suited to detect rare cancer biomarkers with high precision?
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1. Digital ELISA |
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It is the traditional method for cancer detection |
It may have a long processing time but the results are still accurate |
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| 17 |
Why is collaboration between data scientists and clinicians essential in digital oncology platforms?
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3. Data insights require clinical validation for real-world use |
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Experimental devices and new breakthroughs from scientists have to be tested on real people with the help of doctors and their insights |
Medical devices and theories cannot be substantial if not able to be used in real life on real people, which requires the observations of a doctor |
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| 18 |
Which outcome is most likely when cancer patients actively use digital health tools to track their condition?
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2. They engage more actively in shared treatment decisions |
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Patients can feel more involved in the process and want to participate in the medical treatments |
Patients can gain a sense of control over the disease which can empower them to fight through it. As they can track and monitor their own condition without feeling confused and being in the dark about it |
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| 19 |
A research team is developing a highly selective electrochemical sensor for detecting cancer biomarkers in blood. Based on the diagram, which combination of nanoparticle properties would most likely enhance both specificity and signal sensitivity?
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2. Small spherical particles with antibody-conjugated targeting ligands |
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Smaller particles allow for more surface area therefore increasing the sensitivity |
Ligands can also help with the efficiency and accuracy |
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| 20 |
A hospital is planning to adopt a single digital sensing platform to support a wide range of diagnostic applications. Based on the image, which of the following most justifies this decision?
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2. One platform can be customized to detect toxins, cancer biomarkers, and heavy metals using interchangeable biorecognition elements |
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Many things can be detected with a single device |
Having just one device is more cost effective and efficient than having many devices do separate things |
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