| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
|
To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
|
AI is primarily used to enhance diagnostic precision by analyzing medical images faster and more consistently than humans. This leads to earlier detection and better patient outcomes. |
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) — AI acts as a support tool in decision-making by providing evidence-based suggestions to healthcare professionals, thereby reducing diagnostic errors and improving care quality. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
|
Reduces the speed of diagnosing |
|
AI can quickly analyze thousands of radiological images and flag abnormalities, significantly cutting down the time doctors spend interpreting them. |
Efficiency and Workflow Optimization Theory — According to healthcare informatics models, AI contributes to streamlining clinical workflows, increasing operational efficiency in radiology departments. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
|
Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
|
AI literacy involves knowing how AI works, its capabilities, limitations, and how to use it responsibly. It’s not just technical skills but also conceptual understanding. |
AI Literacy (Ng et al., 2021) — This concept promotes equipping healthcare workers with the knowledge to critically assess and safely interact with AI technologies.
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
|
The color of the AI machines |
|
The article doesn’t emphasize cost as a major factor in acceptance. Instead, it highlights trust, system design, and integration into workflows as more critical.
|
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) — According to TAM, acceptance depends more on perceived usefulness and ease of use than on financial cost.
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
|
Influences AI's diagnostic accuracy |
|
Healthcare professionals are more likely to adopt AI if respected peers or organizational leaders endorse it. |
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) — This theory identifies social influence as a key predictor of behavioral intention to use new technology. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
|
Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
|
Many healthcare workers fear AI may eventually replace their roles, especially in areas like diagnostics or administrative tasks. |
Technological Displacement Theory — This theory addresses the concern that automation and AI can lead to job loss or role reduction in professional environments. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
|
Designing human-centred AI systems |
|
For AI to be accepted, it must be tailored to real-world clinical settings and the needs of end-users, like doctors and nurses. |
Human-Centered Design (IDEO, 2015) — This approach ensures technologies are designed with empathy and usability in mind, increasing user trust and satisfaction.
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
|
The type of medical insurance available |
|
The availability and type of health insurance can influence whether patients and providers can access AI-enabled services. |
Health Systems Accessibility Framework — This framework recognizes structural barriers like insurance coverage as crucial to determining healthcare technology uptake. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
|
Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
|
Healthcare professionals are concerned when AI makes clinical decisions that override or diminish human input, raising ethical questions about autonomy and trust. |
Bioethics Principles (Beauchamp & Childress) — Especially the principles of autonomy and non-maleficence are challenged when AI overrides human judgment without transparency or consent. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
|
Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
|
Understanding AI acceptability requires both numerical data (e.g., surveys, usage rates) and qualitative insights (e.g., interviews, focus groups) to capture the full picture. |
Mixed-Methods Research (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011) – A combination of quantitative and qualitative research offers a more comprehensive view of complex social and technological phenomena like AI adoption. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
|
To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
|
Parkinson’s disease is primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. Replacing these cells with stem cell-derived neurons aims to restore dopamine levels and alleviate motor symptoms. |
Cell Replacement Therapy in Neurodegenerative Disorders – Based on the principle that neurodegeneration can be treated by replenishing lost or damaged neurons using pluripotent stem cells (Lindvall & Kokaia, 2010). |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
|
Rats |
|
Rats are commonly used in preclinical neurological studies due to their well-mapped nervous system and ability to model human disease pathology, especially for Parkinson’s-like motor symptoms. |
Preclinical Animal Models in Neuroscience – Rodent models are considered standard for testing therapeutic efficacy and safety prior to human trials (Olsson et al., 2011). |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
|
9 months |
|
A 9-month observation period allows researchers to monitor long-term effects, including tumor formation, immune response, and functional integration of transplanted cells. |
Regulatory Guidelines for Cell Therapy Products – Long-term safety assessments are essential to detect late-onset adverse effects, as recommended by FDA and EMA for stem cell therapies. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
|
Phase I |
|
Phase I trials are the first step in human testing, focused on evaluating safety, tolerability, and optimal dosing, especially critical in cell-based therapies like STEM-PD. |
Clinical Trial Phases – Phase I trials are guided by ICH-GCP (International Council for Harmonisation – Good Clinical Practice) standards for safety evaluation in humans. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
|
Under GMP-compliant conditions |
|
Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) are essential to ensure the quality, safety, and reproducibility of stem cell-based therapeutic products intended for human use. |
Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) Guidelines – Ensures cell therapies meet standards for identity, purity, and potency, as outlined by regulatory bodies like the FDA.
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
|
There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
|
One of the critical safety concerns in stem cell therapy is the risk of teratoma or tumor formation. The absence of such effects in animal models supports its clinical potential. |
Stem Cell Tumorigenicity Risk Assessment – Regulatory assessments emphasize tumor-free outcomes in preclinical studies before proceeding to human trials (Gottweis et al., 2011). |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
|
Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
|
The ability of transplanted cells to alleviate motor dysfunction is a direct indicator of functional integration and dopaminergic activity restoration, supporting therapeutic relevance. |
Functional Recovery Models in Cell-Based Neurological Therapies – Behavioral recovery in animal models is considered key evidence for clinical efficacy in neurodegenerative conditions (Barker et al., 2015). |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
|
OCT4 and NANOG |
|
OCT4 and NANOG are pluripotency markers. Their absence in the final product ensures that undifferentiated stem cells, which may lead to tumor formation, are not present. |
Pluripotency and Differentiation Marker Analysis in Stem Cell Therapy – Monitoring residual pluripotent markers is essential for purity and safety validation of clinical-grade stem cell products (International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2013). |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
|
They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
|
FGF8b (Fibroblast Growth Factor 8b) and SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) are critical in directing the differentiation of stem cells into specific types of neurons. In the context of Parkinson’s disease therapy, these factors guide stem cells to become midbrain dopaminergic neurons—precisely the cell type lost in the disease. |
Neural Patterning and Morphogen Signaling in Developmental Biology – FGF and SHH are well-established morphogens that influence anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral patterning in the developing neural tube (Jessell, 2000). In stem cell protocols, they are applied to mimic these developmental cues in vitro. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
|
Recovery of motor function |
|
Motor dysfunction is the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease due to dopaminergic neuron loss. Thus, the restoration of motor ability in animal models—via behavioral tests like the rotational asymmetry test or cylinder test—is a primary indicator of therapeutic effectiveness. |
Behavioral Neuroscience Models of Parkinson’s Disease – Preclinical studies rely heavily on motor recovery assessments to evaluate the success of dopaminergic cell replacement therapies (Bjorklund & Dunnett, 2007).
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|