| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
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To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
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AI in the medical imaging industry plays a key role in helping analyze medical images such as X-rays, MRIs, CT scans to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, reduce human errors, and make treatment more efficient, resulting in better patient outcomes. |
Medical Decision Support Systems (MDSS) |
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| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
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Acts as a second medical opinion |
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AI can act as a “review assistant”, helping radiologists re-diagnose and confirm results, increasing confidence, reducing errors, and supporting better medical decision-making, without replacing doctors but working together. |
Human-AI Collaboration Model |
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| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
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Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
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AI literacy refers to a basic understanding of AI technology, its operation, application methods, and limitations, so that healthcare professionals can use AI correctly and effectively. |
Digital Literacy Frameworks |
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| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
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The color of the AI machines |
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Factors affecting the acceptance of AI in the medical field include trust in the AI system, integration of AI into existing work, understanding of the system, and technological readiness. However, the “color of the AI machine” did not have a significant academic or psychological effect on acceptance. |
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) |
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| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
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Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
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Social influences, such as the opinions of coworkers, supervisors, or organizations, play a key role in promoting or hindering AI adoption, especially in organizations with a collaborative culture. Support from leaders and peers increases confidence in AI use. |
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) |
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| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
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Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
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One of the main concerns of healthcare professionals regarding AI is the fear that AI will replace human roles, affecting job security and patient care roles, and leading to resistance or rejection of the technology. |
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) |
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| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
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Designing human-centred AI systems |
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Human-centered AI design helps the system meet the real needs of clinicians, is easy to use, and enhances their work efficiency, without making them feel displaced or limited, promoting better acceptance and use of AI. |
User-Centered Design (UCD) |
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| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
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Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
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Successful AI systems must meet a clear value proposition and be able to seamlessly integrate into existing workflows to avoid redundancy and increase the likelihood of real-world use. |
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) |
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| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
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Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
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Ethics plays a crucial role in the medical world. Professionals will accept AI if the system meets the profession’s ethical values and principles, such as privacy, fairness, and non-harming of patients. |
Ethical Frameworks in Healthcare AI |
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| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
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Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
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Future studies should focus on understanding real user experiences and deeply integrating AI into workflows to design and develop systems that are practical and accepted in the medical community. |
Human Factors and Ergonomics |
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| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
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To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
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Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain. The goal of using stem cells is to replace lost cells and restore the damaged nervous system. |
Regenerative Medicine |
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| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
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Rats |
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Preclinical testing often uses mice to assess the safety and efficacy of a product, as mice have easily studied nervous systems and are the standard model for medical research. |
Preclinical Animal Models |
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| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
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12 months |
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Long-term safety studies in animals are required for at least 12 months to carefully monitor side effects and assess product durability. |
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP |
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| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
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Phase I/IIa |
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An initial clinical trial that combines Phase I (safety) and Phase IIa (effectiveness in small groups) is used to assess safety and look for early signs of clinical efficacy. |
Clinical Trial Phases |
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| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
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Under GMP-compliant conditions |
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Medical products, especially stem cells for treatment, must be manufactured under GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) standards to ensure product quality, safety and consistency, as well as prevent contamination and strictly control the production process. |
GMP Guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Research and reports on stem cells in Regenerative Medicine emphasize manufacturing under GMP to ensure safety and efficacy. |
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| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
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There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
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Safety in experimental animals has been confirmed with no harmful side effects such as tumor formation or abnormal immune response, which is an important factor indicating that the product is safe for human use. |
Preclinical Safety Assessment |
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| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
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Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
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An important outcome of stem cell transplantation was the restoration of motor function in Parkinson's disease mice, demonstrating its efficacy in replacing damaged cells and reversing symptoms of the disease. |
Functional Recovery |
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| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
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LMX1A and EN1 |
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LMX1A and EN1 are proteins that express specific stages of dopaminergic neuron development, indicating that stem cells have been correctly differentiated and are purified to a level suitable for clinical use. |
Neural Differentiation Markers |
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| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
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They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
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FGF8b and SHH are growth factors that specifically control the development of stem cells to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in the manufacturing process to obtain cells with desired biological characteristics. |
Developmental Biology Principles |
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| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
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Reduction in brain size |
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Movement rehabilitation is an important measure of treatment efficacy in the Parkinson's model, as the disease directly affects the movement system, thus improving or restoring movement is the primary desired outcome. |
Behavioral Assessment in Animal Models |
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