| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
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To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
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AI helps analyze medical images more accurately, assisting physicians in making better diagnoses and improving patient care. |
AI in medical imaging uses deep learning to enhance diagnostic accuracy (Litjens et al., 2017, Nature Reviews Cancer).
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| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
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Acts as a second medical opinion |
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AI provides a secondary check to help validate physicians’ diagnoses, reducing human errors. |
AI serves as a “second reader” in radiology to improve diagnostic accuracy (McBee et al., 2018, JAMA). |
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| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
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Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
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AI literacy refers to basic comprehension of AI technologies to use and assess them effectively. |
AI literacy is key to adoption and acceptance of AI systems (Long & Magerko, 2020). |
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| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
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The color of the AI machines |
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Factors such as trust, integration with workflows, and system understanding influence acceptance more than superficial traits like color. |
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) emphasizes perceived usefulness and ease of use (Davis, 1989). |
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| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
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Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
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Social influence shapes how healthcare workers perceive and decide to adopt AI systems. |
Social influence is a key factor in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al., 2003).
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| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
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Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
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Fear that AI might displace healthcare workers is a major perceived threat. |
Job displacement fear is common in AI adoption (Frey & Osborne, 2017).
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| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
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Designing human-centred AI systems |
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AI systems that focus on user needs and workflows increase acceptance among medical professionals. |
Human-centered design enhances adoption in healthcare technologies (Norman, 2013).
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| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
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Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
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System usage includes practical benefits and how well AI fits into existing clinical workflows. |
Integration with workflow is critical in UTAUT (Venkatesh et al., 2003). |
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| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
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Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
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Ethical compatibility influences whether healthcare workers accept AI technologies. |
Ethicality is an important factor in technology acceptance models (Venkatesh et al., 2012).
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| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
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Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
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Future studies should focus on how users experience AI and how it integrates with existing systems. |
User-centered evaluation approaches improve understanding of AI acceptance (Zhou et al., 2021).
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| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
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To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
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Parkinson’s disease results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons, which stem cell therapy aims to replace. |
Stem cell therapies target restoration of dopaminergic neurons (Kirkeby et al., 2017). |
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| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
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Monkeys |
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Non-human primates like monkeys are used due to their similarity to humans in neurobiology. |
Primates are standard models for preclinical neurological testing (Steinbeck & Studer, 2015).
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| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
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9 months |
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The preclinical safety study in rats lasted nine months to assess long-term effects. |
Long-term toxicity studies are necessary for stem cell therapies (ICH Guidelines).
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| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
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Phase I/IIa |
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The clinical trial is in combined Phase I/IIa to evaluate safety and early efficacy. |
Early-phase clinical trials assess initial safety and dosing (FDA Guidelines). |
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| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
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Under GMP-compliant conditions |
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The product is manufactured following Good Manufacturing Practice standards to ensure safety and quality. |
GMP is required for pharmaceutical production (WHO Guidelines). |
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| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
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There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
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Safety assessment showed no tumors or negative reactions after transplantation. |
Tumorigenicity is a key safety endpoint in stem cell therapies (Amariglio et al., 2009) |
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| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
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Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
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The transplanted stem cells improved motor function in Parkinson’s disease model rats. |
Functional recovery is a primary efficacy measure (Kikuchi et al., 2017).
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| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
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LMX1A and EN1 |
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These markers indicate the purity of midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells |
LMX1A and EN1 are established markers for dopaminergic neuron precursors (Andersson et al., 2006). |
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| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
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They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
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Growth factors FGF8b and SHH direct stem cells toward desired neural differentiation pathways. |
Morphogens control neural differentiation (Sasai et al., 2008).
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| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
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Recovery of motor function |
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Preclinical trials measured improvements in motor abilities as key efficacy outcomes. |
Motor function recovery is critical in Parkinson’s treatment studies (Barker et al., 2015). |
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