| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
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To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
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Because AI can analyze images faster and more precisely than humans, helping doctors detect diseases earlier and make better treatment decisions. |
This is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)—which explains how users adopt technology that improves performance and outcomes. |
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| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
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Acts as a second medical opinion |
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Because AI helps radiologists spot problems they might miss, improving diagnosis accuracy. |
This is explained by the Decision Support Theory, where AI assists professionals in making better decisions. |
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| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
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Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
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Because AI literacy means knowing how AI works, its capabilities, and limitations so people can use it effectively and responsibly. |
This relates to the Digital Literacy Theory, which emphasizes the skills needed to understand and use digital technologies like AI. |
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| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
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The color of the AI machines |
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Because the color of AI machines doesn’t affect whether healthcare professionals trust or accept the technology; acceptance depends on usefulness, trust, and ease of integration. |
This reflects the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which focuses on perceived usefulness and ease of use—not irrelevant factors like color—in influencing technology acceptance. |
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| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
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Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
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Because healthcare professionals are influenced by peers, leaders, and professional norms, which shape their willingness to adopt and trust AI technologies. |
This aligns with the Theory of Planned Behavior, which highlights how social pressure affects individuals’ decisions to adopt new technologies. |
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| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
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Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
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Because many healthcare workers worry that AI might take over their jobs, leading to job insecurity and reduced roles in patient care. |
This is explained by the Protection Motivation Theory, which describes how perceived threats can influence people’s attitudes and behaviors toward new technologies. |
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| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
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Designing human-centred AI systems |
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Because AI that focuses on users’ needs, values, and workflows is easier to trust and adopt by medical professionals. |
This relates to the Human-Centered Design Theory, which emphasizes designing technology around users to improve acceptance and usability. |
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| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
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Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
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Because these factors determine how useful and easy it is to use AI in real clinical settings, which directly affects whether professionals will adopt it. |
This aligns with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which highlights that perceived usefulness and ease of integration influence technology adoption. |
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| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
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Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
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Because healthcare professionals are more likely to accept AI if it aligns with their ethical standards, such as patient safety, privacy, and fairness. |
This aligns with the Value-Based Adoption Model (VAM), which suggests that people adopt technology when it aligns with their personal and professional values. |
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| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
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Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
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Because understanding how users interact with AI and how well it fits into existing systems is key to improving acceptance and effective use in healthcare. |
This aligns with Socio-Technical Systems Theory, which emphasizes that successful technology adoption depends on the interaction between people (social systems) and technology (technical systems). |
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| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
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To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
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Because Parkinson’s disease is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, and replacing these cells can help restore normal brain function and improve symptoms. |
This is based on the Cell Replacement Therapy Theory, which involves using stem cells to replace damaged or lost cells to restore function. |
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| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
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Monkeys |
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Because monkeys have brain structures and functions more similar to humans, making them a better model for testing safety and effectiveness before human trials. |
This relates to the Translational Research Theory, which emphasizes using animal models that best mimic human biology to improve the relevance and success of medical studies. |
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| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
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12 months |
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Because a 12-month period allows researchers to observe both short-term and long-term effects of the treatment, ensuring its safety before moving to human trials. |
This follows the Toxicology Testing Framework, which requires extended observation to detect potential delayed or chronic adverse effects of new treatments. |
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| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
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Phase I/IIa |
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Because Phase I/IIa trials focus on assessing both safety (Phase I) and early signs of effectiveness (Phase IIa) in a small group of participants, which fits early clinical testing of new therapies like STEM-PD. |
This relates to the Clinical Trial Phases Model, which structures drug and therapy development into phases to progressively evaluate safety, dosage, and efficacy. |
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| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
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Under GMP-compliant conditions |
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Because GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) ensures the product is consistently made with quality, safety, and regulatory standards required for clinical use. |
This follows the Quality Assurance Theory, emphasizing standardized processes to guarantee product safety and efficacy in healthcare. |
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| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
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There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
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Because the absence of harmful effects or tumors shows the treatment is safe for further testing in humans. |
This is based on the Preclinical Safety Assessment Theory, which requires demonstrating safety in animal models before advancing to clinical trials. |
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| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
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Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
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Because the stem cells successfully replaced lost dopamine neurons, restoring motor function impaired by Parkinson’s-like damage. |
This aligns with the Neurorestoration Theory, which supports using cell therapy to repair and restore damaged neural circuits. |
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| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
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LMX1A and EN1 |
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Because LMX1A and EN1 are key transcription factors that indicate the cells are properly specified toward the midbrain dopamine neuron lineage needed for Parkinson’s therapy. |
This is based on the Cell Lineage Specification Theory, which uses marker proteins to confirm stem cells differentiate into the desired cell types. |
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| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
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They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
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Because growth factors like FGF8b and SHH guide stem cells to develop into specific types of neurons, such as midbrain dopamine neurons needed for Parkinson’s treatment. |
This relates to the Developmental Biology Theory, which explains how signaling molecules direct cell differentiation and tissue formation during development. |
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| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
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Recovery of motor function |
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Because Parkinson’s disease mainly affects movement, so improving motor function shows the treatment’s effectiveness. |
This aligns with the Functional Recovery Theory, which focuses on restoring lost functions as a measure of treatment success. |
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