| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
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To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
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AI in medical imaging helps doctors look at images more accurately and faster. This means they can find health problems earlier and give better treatment, which helps patients get better care. |
"Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has the potential to transform medical practice within the medical imaging industry and materially improve productivity and patient outcomes." |
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| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
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Acts as a second medical opinion |
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AI in radiology can support healthcare professionals by supporting an additional review or “second opinion” on medical images. This helps reduce human errors, improve diagnostic confidence, and ensures more accurate patient assessments. |
"Some examples of this include interpreting medical images to generate diagnostic recommendations and personalised treatment plans which act as a second medical opinion and form the basis of pre-populated preliminary medical reports, triaging patient cases based on severity, predicting patient admissions to inform resource and staffing allocation, and scheduling patient consultations"
"materially improve productivity and patient outcomes" |
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| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
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Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
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AI literacy means knowing how AI works and understanding its technology. This helps healthcare professionals use AI better and trust it in their work. |
"Understanding the factors underpinning AI acceptability will be vital for medical institutions to pinpoint areas of deficiency and improvement within their AI implementation strategies." |
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| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
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The color of the AI machines |
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Factors like trust in AI, how well AI fits into daily work, understanding how the system works, and being open to new technology all affect whether healthcare professionals accept AI. The color of the machine doesn’t affect their acceptance. |
"Understanding the factors underpinning AI acceptability will be vital for medical institutions to pinpoint areas of deficiency and improvement within their AI implementation strategies." |
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| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
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Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
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Social influence means that the opinions and behaviors of colleagues, leaders, or the medical community affect whether healthcare professionals decide to use AI. If people around them accept and trust AI, they are more likely to use it too.
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“understanding the factors underpinning AI acceptability” |
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| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
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Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
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Many healthcare professionals worry that AI might take over their jobs or reduce their role in patient care. This fear can make them less willing to accept or use AI. |
"However, low acceptability of AI as a digital healthcare intervention among medical professionals threatens to undermine user uptake levels, hinder meaningful and optimal value-added engagement, and ultimately prevent these promising benefits from being realised." |
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| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
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Designing human-centred AI systems |
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To make medical professionals more willing to use AI, it’s important that the technology is designed with their needs, concerns, and work processes in mind. Human-centred design makes AI easier to trust, understand, and use in real medical settings. |
"Increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals will critically require designing human-centred AI systems which go beyond high algorithmic performance to consider accessibility to users with varying degrees of AI literacy, clinical workflow practices, the institutional and deployment context, and the cultural, ethical, and safety norms of healthcare professions." |
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| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
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Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
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The 'system usage' category looks at how useful the AI is (its value proposition) and how well it fits into the current work system (workflow integration). If AI is helpful and easy to use within their daily tasks, healthcare professionals are more likely to accept it. |
"This scoping review aims to survey the literature to provide a comprehensive summary of the key factors influencing AI acceptability among healthcare professionals in medical imaging domains and the different approaches which have been taken to investigate them." |
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| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
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Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
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Ethicality means whether AI aligns with the values and principles that healthcare professionals believe in, like patient safety, fairness, and professional responsibility. If AI systems match these values, professionals are more likely to accept and trust them. |
"The literature has converged towards three overarching categories of factors underpinning AI acceptability" |
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| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
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Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
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The article highlights that to better understand and improve how healthcare professionals accept AI, future studies should focus on how users interact with the technology and how well it fits into their daily work. This helps identify practical barriers and improve AI design and implementation. |
"Healthcare professional acceptability of AI technology denoted by the term acceptability and closely related terms including user experience, user evaluation, implementation, integration, acceptance, satisfaction, and usability." |
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| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
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To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
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People with Parkinson’s disease lose special brain cells called dopamine neurons. These cells help control movement. When they die, it causes problems like shaking and stiffness. Scientists use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) because they can turn into new dopamine neurons. By putting these new cells into the brain, they hope to replace the ones that are lost and help people move better again. |
"Cell replacement therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons are now entering clinical trials." |
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| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
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Rats |
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To make sure the STEM-PD product is safe and works well, scientists tested it in rats before trying it in humans. |
"No adverse effects were observed upon testing of the product in a 39-week rat GLP safety study for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution, and a non-GLP efficacy study confirmed that the transplanted cells mediated full functional recovery in a pre-clinical rat model of PD." |
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| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
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3 months |
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The safety study with rats lasted for about 9 months to carefully check if the STEM-PD product caused any harm. |
"No adverse effects were observed upon testing of the product in a 39-week rat GLP safety study for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution." |
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| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
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Phase I/IIa |
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The STEM-PD clinical trial is in the Phase I/IIa stage, which means it is an early trial testing both safety (Phase I) and some effectiveness (Phase IIa) in humans. |
"Here, we present quality, safety, and efficacy data supporting the first-in-human STEM-PD phase I/IIa clinical trial along with the trial design." |
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| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
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Under GMP-compliant conditions |
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The STEM-PD product is made following strict rules called Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) to ensure it is safe, consistent, and high quality for use in humans. |
"The STEM-PD product was manufactured under GMP and quality tested in vitro and in vivo to meet regulatory requirements."
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| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
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There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
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The safety of the STEM-PD product was confirmed because the rats showed no harmful effects, and importantly, no tumors grew after the treatment.
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"No adverse effects were observed upon testing of the product in a 39-week rat GLP safety study for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution." |
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| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
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Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
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The key finding was that the transplanted STEM-PD cells helped the rats recover their ability to move normally, showing the treatment worked well in fixing Parkinson’s symptoms in the animal model. |
"The STEM-PD product was manufactured under GMP and quality tested in vitro and in vivo to meet regulatory requirements. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed upon testing of the product in a 39-week rat GLP safety study for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution, and a non-GLP efficacy study confirmed that the transplanted cells mediated full functional recovery in a pre-clinical rat model of PD." |
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| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
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FOXA2 and OTX2 |
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| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
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They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
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| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
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Recovery of motor function |
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The main goal in the rat preclinical trials was to see if the transplanted cells could help the rats move better by fixing the motor problems caused by Parkinson’s disease. |
“a non-GLP efficacy study confirmed that the transplanted cells mediated full functional recovery in a pre-clinical rat model of PD.” |
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