| 1 |
What is the primary function of AI in the medical imaging industry?
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To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes |
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AI in the medical imaging industry is primarily used to enhance diagnostic accuracy, speed up disease detection, and improve patient care. It reduces human errors and increases efficiency in analyzing medical images such as MRI, CT scans, and X-rays. |
• Machine Learning & Deep Learning: AI algorithms analyze medical images to detect abnormalities with high precision.
• Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS): AI provides real-time, data-driven insights to assist doctors in decision-making. |
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| 2 |
Which of the following is a key benefit of AI in radiology noted in the article?
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Acts as a second medical opinion |
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AI in radiology serves as a “second opinion” by assisting radiologists in interpreting medical images with high accuracy. It helps identify abnormalities, confirm diagnoses, and reduce the chances of human error. AI does not replace radiologists but enhances their ability to make informed decisions, ensuring better patient outcomes. |
• Augmented Intelligence: AI is designed to support, not replace, human expertise in medical imaging.
• Machine Learning & Pattern Recognition: AI detects patterns in medical images that might be missed by the human eye. |
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| 3 |
What does AI literacy refer to according to the article?
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Understanding and knowledge of AI technology |
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AI literacy refers to the ability to understand how AI works, its applications, and its limitations. It involves knowledge of AI technologies, such as machine learning, deep learning, and data processing, as well as their ethical implications. AI literacy is essential for professionals and the general public to interact with AI effectively and make informed decisions regarding its use. |
AI literacy is the ability to understand AI technology, its applications, limitations, and ethical implications. It builds on digital literacy by including knowledge of machine learning and data processing. AI ethics emphasizes fairness and transparency, ensuring responsible AI use. Educational research highlights AI literacy as essential for informed decision-making in an AI-driven world. |
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| 4 |
Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the acceptability of AI among healthcare professionals?
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The color of the AI machines |
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AI acceptance in healthcare is influenced by practical factors such as trust, system integration, understanding, and technology receptiveness. The physical appearance or color of the AI machines has no bearing on their effectiveness or acceptance. |
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): Acceptance is driven by factors like usefulness, ease of use, and trust, not aesthetics.
• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): The focus is on the functionality and usability of the system, rather than its visual aspects. |
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| 5 |
What role does social influence play in AI acceptability in healthcare according to the article?
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Affects healthcare professionals’ decisions to use AI |
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The article suggests that social influence plays a significant role in the acceptability of AI in healthcare, particularly in how healthcare professionals decide whether or not to use AI technologies. Social factors, such as peer pressure, opinions of colleagues, and broader societal views, can impact their willingness to adopt new technologies. |
Technology Acceptance Theory explains how social and cultural factors influence the decision-making process regarding the adoption of new technologies like AI in healthcare. |
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| 6 |
What is a perceived threat regarding AI usage in healthcare settings?
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Concerns about replacing healthcare professionals |
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One of the perceived threats regarding AI usage in healthcare is the concern that AI systems could replace healthcare professionals, leading to job losses or a reduction in the human touch that is essential in patient care. This fear can make professionals hesitant to embrace AI in their practice. |
Technology Acceptance Theory focuses on how concerns about job displacement and the role of human interaction in professional fields like healthcare can affect the acceptance of new technologies such as AI. |
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| 7 |
According to the article, what is essential for increasing AI acceptability among medical professionals?
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Designing human-centred AI systems |
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According to the article, designing human-centered AI systems is essential for increasing acceptability among medical professionals. When AI systems are designed with healthcare professionals in mind, ensuring they complement human skills and promote collaboration, they are more likely to be accepted and integrated into medical practice |
Human-Centered AI Design Theory emphasizes designing AI technologies that prioritize the needs and roles of human users, particularly in healthcare, where collaboration and enhancement of professional skills are key to acceptance. |
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| 8 |
What does the 'system usage' category of AI acceptability factors include according to the article?
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Factors like value proposition and integration with workflows |
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According to the article, the ‘system usage’ category of AI acceptability factors includes aspects like the value proposition of AI systems and how well they integrate with existing workflows. If AI systems align well with the daily tasks and enhance productivity, they are more likely to be accepted by healthcare professionals. |
Technology Acceptance Theory focuses on factors like how well new technologies, such as AI, integrate into existing work practices and whether they provide clear value to users, both of which are crucial for fostering acceptance. |
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| 9 |
How does ethicality impact AI acceptability among healthcare professionals?
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Affects views on AI based on compatibility with professional values |
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The ethicality of AI in healthcare significantly affects healthcare professionals’ views on AI. If the AI system is seen as compatible with the values and ethics of healthcare professionals, such as prioritizing patient welfare and ensuring transparency, they are more likely to accept it. Ethical concerns about AI making decisions without human oversight or compromising patient care can hinder its acceptance. |
Medical Technology Acceptance Theory highlights how professional values and ethical considerations significantly influence the acceptance of new technologies like AI in healthcare settings. |
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| 10 |
What methodological approach did the article emphasize for future AI acceptability studies?
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Considering user experience and system integration deeply |
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The article emphasizes the importance of considering user experience and system integration in future AI acceptability studies. For AI to be widely accepted in healthcare, it must not only perform well but also seamlessly integrate into healthcare professionals’ existing workflows, minimizing disruption while enhancing their ability to care for patients. |
Technology Acceptance Theory underscores the importance of designing systems that are user-friendly and well-integrated with existing practices to foster acceptance and long-term usage. |
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| 11 |
What is the primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease?
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To replace lost dopamine neurons. |
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The primary objective of using human embryonic stem cells in treating Parkinson’s disease is to replace the lost dopamine-producing neurons. In Parkinson’s disease, these neurons are damaged or destroyed, leading to symptoms like tremors and movement issues. Stem cells can potentially regenerate these neurons and restore lost brain functions. |
Stem Cell Therapy Theory focuses on using stem cells to regenerate damaged or lost tissue or cells in diseases like Parkinson’s, aiming to restore brain function through neuron regeneration. |
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| 12 |
Which animal was used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy?
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Rats |
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Rats were used to test the STEM-PD product for safety and efficacy. Rats are a common animal model in preclinical testing because their biological systems are similar enough to humans for meaningful data collection while being widely available and ethically manageable for such experiments. |
Animal Testing Theory highlights the use of animal models, such as rats, in preclinical testing to assess the safety and effectiveness of medical products before human trials. |
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| 13 |
What was the duration of the preclinical safety study in rats mentioned in the article?
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6 months |
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The preclinical safety study in rats lasted for 6 months, as mentioned in the article. This duration was likely chosen to assess both short-term and longer-term effects of the treatment in an animal model before progressing to human trials. |
Medical Safety Testing Theory focuses on the importance of thorough safety testing in animals for assessing the potential risks and effectiveness of medical treatments before human clinical trials. |
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| 14 |
What is the name of the clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD?
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Phase I/IIa |
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The clinical trial phase mentioned for STEM-PD is Phase I/IIa. This phase combines elements of both Phase I (safety and dosing) and Phase IIa (early efficacy and further safety). It is often used in early-stage clinical trials to assess both the safety profile and the preliminary effectiveness of a product. |
Clinical Trial Theory highlights the importance of structured clinical trial phases that evaluate the safety and efficacy of a medical product in progressively detailed stages. |
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| 15 |
How is the STEM-PD product manufactured?
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Under GMP-compliant conditions |
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The STEM-PD product is manufactured under GMP-compliant conditions. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. This is essential for ensuring that the product is safe for clinical use and meets regulatory requirements. |
Medical Manufacturing Theory emphasizes the need for producing medical products under rigorous and standardized conditions, such as GMP, to ensure safety, quality, and compliance with regulatory requirements. |
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| 16 |
According to the article, what confirmed the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats?
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There were no adverse effects or tumor formation. |
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According to the article, the safety of the STEM-PD product in rats was confirmed because there were no adverse effects or tumor formation. This indicates that the product did not cause harmful side effects, which is a positive outcome for its future clinical use. |
Safety Testing Theory focuses on the importance of evaluating the safety of medical products through animal testing to ensure there are no harmful side effects or risks before proceeding to human clinical trials. |
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| 17 |
What key finding was noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats?
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Transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. |
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The key finding noted in the efficacy study of STEM-PD in rats was that transplanted cells reversed motor deficits in rats. This indicates that the stem cells were successful in restoring motor function, which is a critical aspect of Parkinson’s disease treatment. |
Neuroregeneration Theory emphasizes the use of stem cells to regenerate neural functions lost due to diseases such as Parkinson’s, with a focus on restoring motor skills and other brain functions. |
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| 18 |
What specific markers were used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch?
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FOXA2 and OTX2 |
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The specific markers used to assess the purity of the STEM-PD batch were FOXA2 and OTX2. These markers are associated with the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and are commonly used to confirm the purity of neural stem cell populations. |
Cell Purity Assessment Theory emphasizes the use of specific markers to verify the purity and identity of stem cell populations before clinical application to ensure proper differentiation and functionality. |
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| 19 |
What role do growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play in the manufacturing process of STEM-PD?
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They are used in cell patterning for specific neural fates. |
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Growth factors like FGF8b and SHH play a role in cell patterning for specific neural fates. These factors help guide stem cells toward differentiating into specific types of neurons, such as dopamine-producing neurons in the context of Parkinson’s disease. |
Stem Cell Development Theory emphasizes the use of growth factors to control the differentiation of stem cells into specific types of neural cells that are necessary for treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s. |
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| 20 |
What was a key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats?
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Recovery of motor function |
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A key outcome measured in the preclinical trials for efficacy in rats was the recovery of motor function. This is crucial for testing the effectiveness of STEM-PD in treating the motor deficits associated with Parkinson’s disease. |
Stem Cell Therapy Efficacy Theory emphasizes measuring outcomes like recovery of motor function as key indicators of the efficacy of stem cell treatments in preclinical trials before clinical application. |
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