| 1 |
What is hybrid micellar liquid chromatography primarily used for in the study?
|
To detect commonly used pesticides in vegetables. |
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Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
Which pesticide was found most commonly in the vegetable samples?
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Chlorpyrifos |
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It’s was detected in 76% of the samples |
Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
What percentage of the vegetable samples tested were found to contain no detectable pesticides?
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16% |
|
Graph showing the percentage of green leafy vegetables positive and negative for all the analyzed pesticide samples. |
Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the use of hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC)?
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It requires extensive solvent use. |
|
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Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
What was the primary methodological change in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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Use of a micellar mobile phase with reduced solvent usage. |
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|
Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
According to the study, why might vegetable growers prefer other pesticides over Imidacloprid (ICP)?
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ICP is more expensive. |
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Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
What is the major benefit of using ICP as a pesticide, according to the study?
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It is less toxic compared to many others. |
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|
Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
What aspect of the pesticide detection method was focused on during the method validation phase?
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Ensuring it can detect extremely low pesticide levels. |
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Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
Considering the environmental impacts discussed, why is the HMLC method considered 'green'?
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It involves less waste and uses low-toxicity solvents. |
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|
Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
What is the importance of the photodiode array detector in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
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|
Detection of most commonly used pesticides in green leafy vegetables from sagar, india using direct injection hybrid micellar liquid chromatography |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
What is hyperthermia commonly used to treat?
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Cancer |
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hyperthermia is the technique that neglects the use of chemicals or harmful radiations. The elevated body temperature can damage the cancerous cells with minimum injury to the normal cells. |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
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| 12 |
Which method is used to apply heat directly to a tumor in local hyperthermia?
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Microwaves |
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Microwaves are used to deliver heat energy directly to the tumer |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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| 13 |
What is the primary benefit of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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It kills cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. |
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The main mechanism involved is by killing the cancer cells by destructing proteins and the structure within cells. Thus, hyperthermia may shrink tumors |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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| 14 |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with which of the following treatments?
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy |
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Hyperthermia is widely applicable with different other forms of cancer therapy, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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| 15 |
What is the main challenge of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
|
Reaching and maintaining the required temperature in the target area. |
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Many of these have shown a significant depression in tumor size when hyperthermia is combined with other treatment or therapy. Attaining temperature above the systemic temperature 37 °C in a specified target volume is a challenge and still under development. High temperature is induced by applying a power density specific absorption rate (SAR; measured in W/kg). Normal basal metabolism of human is above 1 W/kg. Perfusion counteracts the elevated temperature. In humans perfusion rate is around 5–15 ml per 100 g per min, but they differ widely. To reach the elevated temperature approx 42 °C at least in some parts of the body tumors require a power density of approx 20–40 W/kg at the target region |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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| 16 |
Which type of hyperthermia involves heating a larger region or the whole body?
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Whole-body hyperthermia |
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Whole body hyperthermia is applied to treat metastatic tumor that has spread throughout the body. A steady state of 42 °C is maintained for 1 h along with the acceptable adverse effects. With the help of sedation of general anesthesia, the procedure would be possible. Application of intubation for the safe administration is still under research. In interaction with the various anesthetics, as compared with local regional methods, an entirely different range of toxic effects arises from the systemic stress (Bull et al., 1982, Kerner et al., 1999). A patient weighing about 70 kg at 37 °C has a basal metabolic rate of 85 W and double that at 42 °C; that in itself was enough to raise the body heat within 180 min between 37·5 °C and 42·0 °C. The power distribution is influenced by three-dimensional anatomy. The transforming network might lead to further limitations in antenna control, as the antenna properties at the feed points were disturbed by coupling and imperfect geometry (Wust et al., 2002). One of the next generations of commercially available applicator was sigma-Eye applicator consisting of three shorter rings, each with four flat dipole-antenna pairs. Magnetic resonance tomography provides treatment monitoring which could characterize temperature as well as perfusion. |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
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+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
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| 17 |
What type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat?
|
Endocavitary hyperthermia |
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type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat is Endocavitary Hyperthermia |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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| 18 |
What is a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia?
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Systemic stress affecting major organs |
|
a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia is Systemic Stress Affecting Major Organs |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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| 19 |
Considering the physics of heat transfer, why is controlling hyperthermia challenging during treatment?
|
Human tissue has varying thermal conductivities which affect heat distribution. |
|
Human Tissue Has Varying Thermal Conductivities Which Affect Heat Distribution. |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
Why is hyperthermia considered a beneficial adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
|
It makes cancer cells more susceptible to other treatments. |
|
It Makes Cancer Cells More Susceptible To Other Treatments. |
Hyperthermia: Role and Risk Factor for Cancer Treatment |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
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