| 1 |
What is hybrid micellar liquid chromatography primarily used for in the study?
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To detect commonly used pesticides in vegetables. |
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because there are pesticides in vegetable |
Toxic residues are usually analyzed according to the following methods. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectometry (GC-MS) is only suitable for volatile compounds in complex samples. |
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| 2 |
Which pesticide was found most commonly in the vegetable samples?
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Profenofos |
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PFF was found most in green leafy vegetables |
PFF was found 42% in vegetables cultivated by local vegetable growers |
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| 3 |
What percentage of the vegetable samples tested were found to contain no detectable pesticides?
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16% |
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16% negative for all analyzed pesticide sample |
the most is 76% which is CPS from Fig.4 |
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| 4 |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the use of hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC)?
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It requires extensive solvent use. |
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it is only the wrong one |
it is green analytical method, use low toxic chemical, easy to do and provide rapid result |
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| 5 |
What was the primary methodological change in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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Use of a micellar mobile phase with reduced solvent usage. |
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HMLC is a modified version of the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique |
the composition of the mobile phase is a modified aqueous micellar mobile phase with a major part of water, surfactant (above critical micellar concentration) and low concentration of short-chain alcohols as an organic modifier |
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| 6 |
According to the study, why might vegetable growers prefer other pesticides over Imidacloprid (ICP)?
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ICP is more expensive. |
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e ICP can be considered a good alternative for those pesticides which cause toxicity |
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| 7 |
What is the major benefit of using ICP as a pesticide, according to the study?
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It is less toxic compared to many others. |
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ICP is similar to nicotine with a toxicity 700 folds lower than nicotine |
ICP can be considered a good alternative for those pesticides which cause toxicity |
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| 8 |
What aspect of the pesticide detection method was focused on during the method validation phase?
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Ensuring it can detect extremely low pesticide levels. |
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| 9 |
Considering the environmental impacts discussed, why is the HMLC method considered 'green'?
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It involves less waste and uses low-toxicity solvents. |
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| 10 |
What is the importance of the photodiode array detector in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
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| 11 |
What is hyperthermia commonly used to treat?
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Cancer |
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Often used to treat deep cancer. |
Uses radio waves or microwaves to increase the temperature of cancer cells from within the body |
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| 12 |
Which method is used to apply heat directly to a tumor in local hyperthermia?
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Microwaves |
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it can use in external techniques and interstitial techniques |
In local hyperthermia, doctors apply heat to a small area. The type of local hyperthermia used depends on where the tumor is located. |
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| 13 |
What is the primary benefit of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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It kills cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. |
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Hyperthermia treats cancer with heat is a safe treatment |
side effects are usually mild, such as warmth, redness, itching, or irritation in the treated area. |
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| 14 |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with which of the following treatments?
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy |
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is often used in combination with radiotherapy |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment |
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| 15 |
What is the main challenge of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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Reaching and maintaining the required temperature in the target area. |
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not to destroy healthy tissues |
localized heating of the tumor site to the optimum temperature without overheating the surrounding healthy tissues. |
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| 16 |
Which type of hyperthermia involves heating a larger region or the whole body?
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Regional hyperthermia |
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In regional hyperthermia, doctors apply heat to large areas of the body, such as a cavity, organ, or limb. |
techniques used in regional hyperthermia include deep tissue techniques, regional perfusion, and continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion. |
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| 17 |
What type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat?
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Regional hyperthermia |
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the heated cis inserted into body cavity to deliver heat |
Regional hyperthermia, the heated chemotherapeutic agent is inserted into the peritoneal cavity |
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| 18 |
What is a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia?
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Systemic stress affecting major organs |
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negative effect |
having cancer Patients face many emotional and mental problems. Whether it's sadness, stress, anxiety. Fear of recurrence |
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| 19 |
Considering the physics of heat transfer, why is controlling hyperthermia challenging during treatment?
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Human tissue has varying thermal conductivities which affect heat distribution. |
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heat transfer |
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| 20 |
Why is hyperthermia considered a beneficial adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
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It reduces the treatment duration significantly. |
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it make it easier to cure |
Normal cells will not suffer any side effects from the treatment. But cancer cells accumulate heat, weakening their cell membranes to make chemotherapy and radiation more effective. |
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