| 1 |
What is hybrid micellar liquid chromatography primarily used for in the study?
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To detect commonly used pesticides in vegetables. |
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This process is employed of its ability to separate and identify pesticide in vegetables. |
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| 2 |
Which pesticide was found most commonly in the vegetable samples?
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Cypermethrin |
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Cypermethrin is usually found to be one of the most commonly detected but Imidacloprid also sometimes detected with Cypermethrin. |
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| 3 |
What percentage of the vegetable samples tested were found to contain no detectable pesticides?
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16% |
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| 4 |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the use of hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC)?
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It uses low amounts of toxic chemicals. |
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| 5 |
What was the primary methodological change in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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Use of a micellar mobile phase with reduced solvent usage. |
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This change is significant because micellar mobile phases allow to for more efficient separations with lower solvent consumption. |
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| 6 |
According to the study, why might vegetable growers prefer other pesticides over Imidacloprid (ICP)?
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ICP has a higher environmental impact. |
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The particularly in terms of its potential to harm non target organisms, such as beneficial insects and aquatic life. |
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| 7 |
What is the major benefit of using ICP as a pesticide, according to the study?
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It is less toxic compared to many others. |
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| 8 |
What aspect of the pesticide detection method was focused on during the method validation phase?
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Ensuring it can detect extremely low pesticide levels. |
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| 9 |
Considering the environmental impacts discussed, why is the HMLC method considered 'green'?
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It is funded by environmental organizations. |
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| 10 |
What is the importance of the photodiode array detector in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
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This type of detector allows for the simultaneous detection of multiple compounds by capturing intensity information at various wavelengths. |
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| 11 |
What is hyperthermia commonly used to treat?
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Cancer |
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Hyperthermia relate to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, helping to make cancer cells more sensitive to these therapies. |
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| 12 |
Which method is used to apply heat directly to a tumor in local hyperthermia?
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Microwaves |
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Special microwave devices are used to heat the tumor to desired temperature, making cancer cells more sensitive to radiation or chemotherapy |
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| 13 |
What is the primary benefit of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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It kills cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. |
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| 14 |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with which of the following treatments?
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy |
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The heat from hypothermia makes cancer cells, more sensitive to the effect of radiation and chemotherapy, improve their overall effectiveness of this treatments. |
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| 15 |
What is the main challenge of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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Reaching and maintaining the required temperature in the target area. |
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| 16 |
Which type of hyperthermia involves heating a larger region or the whole body?
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Whole-body hyperthermia |
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This method raises the temperature of the entire body typically to induce systemic affects that can make an cancer cells more susceptible to treatment such as radiation or chemotherapy. |
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| 17 |
What type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat?
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Endocavitary hyperthermia |
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This method involves inserting heat delivering devices, such as probes or applicators, into a body cavity to directly target. |
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| 18 |
What is a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia?
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Systemic stress affecting major organs |
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This stress can lead to complications, such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and potential organ damage, particularly if the treatment is not carefully monitored. |
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| 19 |
Considering the physics of heat transfer, why is controlling hyperthermia challenging during treatment?
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Human tissue has varying thermal conductivities which affect heat distribution. |
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It becomes challenging to ensure that the cancerous tissues reaches the desired temperature for treatment while, protecting their surrounding healthy tissues. |
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| 20 |
Why is hyperthermia considered a beneficial adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
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It makes cancer cells more susceptible to other treatments. |
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When the body or tumor is exposed to elevated temperature, the heat can make cancer cell more sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. |
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