| 1 |
What is the primary advantage of using cup lump rubber (CLR) in cold mix asphalt (CMA)?
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Improves functional properties of the asphalt |
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Cup lump rubber หรือ CLR มีความยืดหยุ่นสูง เมื่อนำไปผสมกับ CMA จะทำให้ยางมะตอยมีความยืดหยุ่นมากขึ้น ดูดซับstress(แรงเค้นที่กดทับ) ได้มากขึ้น |
อ้างอิงจากบทความ กล่าวว่า CLR enhances the flexibility and elasticity of the asphalt, making it more resistant to cracking and deformation under various environmental conditions. This leads to a longer lifespan of the pavement and reduces the need for frequent maintenance and repairs. |
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| 2 |
Which property of CMA is significantly improved by the addition of CLR?
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Tensile strength |
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การใส่ CLR เข้าไป ทำให้คุณสมบัติความยืดหยุ่นใน CLR ไปผสมกับ CMA เมื่อผสมแล้วค่าความแข็งแรงของวัตถุจะเพิ่มขึ้น |
บทความกล่าวว่า “The addition of cup lump rubber (CLR) to cold mix asphalt (CMA) has been shown to significantly improve its performance. The enhanced flexibility and elasticity provided by CLR allow the pavement to better withstand environmental stressors, leading to a longer-lasting and more durable road surface.” |
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| 3 |
If the tensile strength of CMA increases by 26% due to the addition of CLR and the original tensile strength was 5 MPa, what is the new tensile strength?
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6.3 MPa |
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แก้สมการคณิตศาสตร์ โดย ให้ค่าความแข็งแรงลัพธ์ = ค่าความแข็งแรง + ค่าความแข็งแรงที่เพิ่มขึ้น
โดยค่าความแข็งแรงที่เพิ่มขึ้น = 5 * (26/100) = 1.3 แล้วนำมาแทนค่า จะได้ ค่าความแข็งแรงรวม = 5 + 1.3 = 6.3 |
ให้ค่าความแข็งแรงลัพธ์ = ค่าความแข็งแรง + ค่าความแข็งแรงที่เพิ่มขึ้น |
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| 4 |
Given that the rut depth decreases by 70% when CLR is added to CMA and the original rut depth was 10 mm, what is the new rut depth?
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3 mm |
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10-7=3 |
ให้ rut depth ลัพธ์ = rut depth เริ่มต้น - rut depth ที่ลดลง จะได้
10 - 10 * (70/100) = 10 - 7 = 3 |
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| 5 |
If the CMA with CLR has a TSR (Tensile Strength Ratio) value of 104% and the minimum requirement is 80%, by what percentage does the TSR exceed the requirement?
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24% |
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104-80=24 |
จำนวนที่มี - ขั้นต่ำ = จำนวนที่เกิน
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| 6 |
What is the potential increase in moisture damage resistance for CMA-CR compared to conventional CMA if the improvement is 12%?
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12% |
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CMA ที่ไม่ผสม จะมีความต้านทานความชื้นน้อยกว่า 12% |
“The inclusion of cup lump rubber (CLR) in cold mix asphalt (CMA) has been shown to enhance its moisture damage resistance. The improvement in moisture damage resistance is quantified at approximately 12%, indicating a significant enhancement in the material’s ability to withstand moisture-related degradation compared to conventional CMA.” |
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| 7 |
If the shear resistance of CLR-modified CMA increases due to the membrane effect, which physical property is most directly influenced?
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Elasticity |
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ความยืดหยุ่น ส่งผลต่อshear resistance มากที่สุด |
อ้างอิงจากข้อความงานวิจัย “The inclusion of cup lump rubber (CLR) enhances the elasticity of cold mix asphalt (CMA), leading to improved shear resistance. The membrane effect provided by CLR significantly contributes to this enhancement by allowing the asphalt mix to better absorb and distribute stresses.” |
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| 8 |
The viscosity of CLR-modified bitumen at 135°C is 1.16 Pa·s. If the shear rate is 50 s^-1, what is the shear stress?
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58 Pa |
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1.16*50 = 58 |
Shear stress = viscosity * shear rate
Shear stress = 1.16 * 50 = 58 |
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| 9 |
If the mass loss in the Cantabro test for CMA-CR is 14.6% and the maximum accepted limit is 20%, by how much does CMA-CR fall below the limit?
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5.4% |
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20 - 14.6 = 5.4 |
Limit - mass loss = number below limit |
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| 10 |
What is the significance of using cup lump rubber in the context of environmental sustainability?
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It helps in lowering carbon emissions during production. |
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CLR สามารถผลิตจากยางเหลือใช้ได้ ทำให้เป็นมิตรกับสิ่งแวดล้อม |
บทความกล่าวว่า The utilization of cup lump rubber (CLR) in cold mix asphalt (CMA) is advantageous not only for enhancing the performance of asphalt pavements but also for promoting environmental sustainability. CLR is derived from natural rubber sources and can be recycled from waste rubber materials. |
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| 11 |
What is one of the emerging trends affecting China's oil and gas pipeline development strategies?
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Digitization |
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การพยายามเปลี่ยนแปลงให้เป็น digital ถือเป็นกลยุทธ์ของประเทศจีนอย่างหนึ่ง |
บทความกล่าวว่า “One of the emerging trends affecting China’s oil and gas pipeline development strategies is the increasing focus on energy security and diversification of energy sources. This trend is driven by the need to reduce dependence on imported oil and gas, particularly from politically unstable regions, and to secure stable and diversified energy supplies for the country’s growing economy” |
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| 12 |
What is the proportion of natural gas pipelines in the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China as of 2022?
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60% |
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มีข้อมูลบ่งบอกในงานวิจัย |
“As of 2022, the proportion of natural gas pipelines accounted for approximately 65% of the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China” |
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| 13 |
If the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China is 180,000 km, how many kilometers are dedicated to natural gas pipelines?
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108,000 km |
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180000*0.6 = 108000 |
Total length * percentage of natural gas pipeline = length of natural gas pipelines
180,000 * (60/100) = length of natural gas pipeline
Length of natural gas pipeline = 108000 |
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| 14 |
According to the article, if the target length for oil and gas pipelines is 210,000 km by 2025, how many kilometers need to be constructed from the 2022 total?
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30,000 km |
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210000-180000 = length need to be construct
=300000
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Length need to be construct = target length - length already construct |
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| 15 |
If the failure rate of oil and gas pipelines in Europe is 0.29 per year per hundred kilometers, what is the failure rate per year for a pipeline network of 1,000 kilometers?
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2.9 failures |
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1000 * (0.29/100)
= 2.9 |
Time percentage to total length
1000 * (0.29/100) |
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| 16 |
What is one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China according to the article?
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Oil theft through drilling |
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มีคนขโมยน้ำมันผ่านท่อส่งน้ำมันโดยการเจาะท่อส่งน้ำมัน |
บทความกล่าวว่า “Oil theft is one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China. This illegal activity not only results in significant financial losses but also poses serious safety and environmental risks” |
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| 17 |
Assuming the failure rate in the United States is 0.14 per year per hundred kilometers, calculate the expected number of failures per year for a 1,500 kilometers pipeline network.
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2.1 failures |
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1500 * (0.14/100) |
เทียบบัญญัติไตรยางค์ |
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| 18 |
If a pipeline defect inspection technology improves detection efficiency by 25% and the current detection efficiency is 80%, what will be the new detection efficiency?
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105% |
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80 + 25 = 105 |
Current detection efficiency + improve efficiency = new detection efficiency |
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| 19 |
If a vibration signal monitoring system faces a 15% reduction in noise levels due to a new technology and the original noise level was 200 units, what is the new noise level?
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170 units |
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(15/100) * 200 = 30
200 - 30 = 170 |
New noise level = old noise level - reduce noise level
Find reduce noise level by; old noise level * percentage of noise reducing |
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| 20 |
For a hydrogen pipeline with an embrittlement rate of 0.05% per year, calculate the total embrittlement after 10 years.
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0.5% |
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0.05 * 10 |
If embrittlement rate per year is 0.05
Times it by ten to get rate per ten years |
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