| 1 |
What is the primary role of gallic acid in sustainable packaging as discussed in the article?
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To enhance mechanical strength and UV barrier properties |
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I still don't know where to get the article tho (should I be using Google Chrome?). Gallic acid can interact with polymers used in packaging, potentially forming cross-links that enhance the mechanical strength and durability of the material, and may reinforce the polymer matrix, leading to improved tensile strength and resistance to physical stress. |
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| 2 |
According to the article, what effect does gallic acid have on the biodegradability of chitosan films?
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It increases biodegradability |
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Gallic acid can enhance microbial activity, which contributes to the breakdown of chitosan. |
While Gallic acid can exhibit pro-oxidant properties in some contexts, its primary impact in this case is likely to be increasing biodegradability by promoting microbial and oxidative degradation. |
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| 3 |
How does gallic acid impact the antimicrobial properties of packaging materials?
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It has a synergistic effect with nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial properties |
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When combined with nanoparticles (such as silver or zinc oxide), gallic acid can enhance the antimicrobial effectiveness of these particles. |
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| 4 |
If gallic acid improves oxygen scavenging capacity by 120 mg O2 per gram, how much oxygen can 10 grams of gallic acid scavenge?
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1200 mg O2 |
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Total Oxygen scavenging capacity = 120 * 10 = 1200 mg |
Total Oxygen scavenging capacity = Scavenging capacity per gram × Amount of gallic acid |
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| 5 |
Given that adding gallic acid at 0.5% to a polymer increases its tensile strength by 15%, how much would the tensile strength increase if 2% gallic acid is added, assuming the relationship is linear?
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60% |
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2/0.5 = 4, so assuming if the relationship is linear the tensile strength should be at 15*4 = 60% |
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| 6 |
If the water vapor permeability of a packaging film decreases by 10% with each 0.1% increase in gallic acid content, what is the decrease in permeability when the content is increased from 0.1% to 0.5%?
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40% |
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Gallic acid content is increased by 0.4% so the number of increments should be 4 so the total decrease in permeability is 10% * 4 = 40% |
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| 7 |
What is a significant benefit of using gallic acid in food packaging according to the article?
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It significantly extends the shelf life of food products |
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Gallic acid inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, which helps prevent spoilage and extends the shelf life of food, and can also prevent oxidative damage to food, further contributing to longer preservation. |
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| 8 |
Which of the following is not a property affected by gallic acid in food packaging materials?
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Aroma of the food product |
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The properties that are effected by gallic acid is not aroma of the food but other answers, it primarily influences antimicrobial activity, UV barrier properties, tensile strength, and oxygen scavenging capacity. |
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| 9 |
What sustainability challenge does gallic acid address when used in packaging?
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Decreasing the reliance on synthetic preservatives |
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Gallic acid has natural antimicrobial properties that help inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, this can reduce or eliminate the need for additional synthetic chemical preservatives in food packaging. |
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| 10 |
Which of the following is a future research direction for gallic acid mentioned in the article?
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Exploring its pro-oxidative activities and interactions with food |
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| 11 |
What is the primary reason CCUS is considered essential for achieving carbon neutrality in India by 2070?
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To manage and reduce CO2 emissions from heavy industries. |
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CCUS captures CO₂ emissions directly from industrial processes before they enter the atmosphere. This technology helps manage and reduce emissions from these hard-to-decarbonize sectors. |
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| 12 |
According to the article, how does the Indian government aim to support the implementation of CCUS technology?
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By providing subsidies and funding for CCUS research and development. |
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| 13 |
What are the anticipated benefits of integrating CCUS technology in thermal power plants by 2030?
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Significant reduction in CO2 emissions contributing to decarbonization goals. |
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CCUS technology can capture up to 90% of CO2 emissions from thermal power plants, significantly reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere. |
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| 14 |
If a CCUS facility captures 2 million metric tonnes of CO2 annually from a power plant, how much CO2 is captured in 5 years?
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10 million metric tonnes |
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I mean it is 2 * 5 = 10, but I don't think that it would be linear. |
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| 15 |
Given the current rate of CO2 emissions reduction targets, if India needs to reduce emissions by 50% by 2050 from a baseline of 3 billion metric tonnes, what will be the target emissions per year by 2050?
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1.5 billion metric tonnes |
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Same as last number, 3/2 = 1.5 but we shouldn't be satisfied by mere 50%, no? |
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| 16 |
If CO2 emissions from the power sector are reduced by 25% from an initial value of 1200 mtpa due to CCUS, what are the new emission levels?
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900 mtpa |
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Reduction = 1200 × 0.25 = 300 mtpa
New Emissions = 1200 - 300 = 900 mtpa |
New Emissions = Initial Emissions − Reduction; Reduction = Initial Emissions × Reduction Percentage |
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| 17 |
What is the main driver for the adoption of CCUS technology in India?
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To meet international climate agreements. |
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India has committed to international climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, which set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. |
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| 18 |
What sector is anticipated to benefit most from CCUS according to the article?
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Heavy industry |
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CCUS technology is particularly suited for capturing and managing CO2 emissions from these industrial processes, making it highly beneficial for reducing the carbon footprint of heavy industry. |
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| 19 |
Which technology is critical for achieving India's climate goals according to the article?
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Carbon capture, utilization, and storage |
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CCUS plays a crucial role in reducing CO2 emissions from industrial processes that are otherwise difficult to decarbonize. |
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| 20 |
What is the expected impact of CCUS on India's CO2 emissions by 2050?
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Decrease by 50% |
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