| 1 |
What is the primary advantage of using cup lump rubber (CLR) in cold mix asphalt (CMA)?
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Improves functional properties of the asphalt |
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The addition of crumb rubber tends to increase the strength and quality of asphalt mixture |
Natural rubber (NR) in the form of “cup lump” is used to significantly enhance the thermal stability and elasticity of bitumen |
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| 2 |
Which property of CMA is significantly improved by the addition of CLR?
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Tensile strength |
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The tensile property was enhanced by 26% due to CLR modification |
This study evaluated the tensile properties, rutting, moisture susceptibility, and adhesion properties of CLR-modified CMA (CMA-CR). The tensile property was enhanced by 26% due to CLR modification |
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| 3 |
If the tensile strength of CMA increases by 26% due to the addition of CLR and the original tensile strength was 5 MPa, what is the new tensile strength?
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6.3 MPa |
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5x26/100 = 1.3
5+1.3 = 6.3 |
5x26/100 = 1.3
5+1.3 = 6.3 |
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| 4 |
Given that the rut depth decreases by 70% when CLR is added to CMA and the original rut depth was 10 mm, what is the new rut depth?
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3 mm |
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70/100 x 10 = 7mm
10-7 = 3 mm |
70/100 x 10 = 7mm
10-7 = 3 mm |
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| 5 |
If the CMA with CLR has a TSR (Tensile Strength Ratio) value of 104% and the minimum requirement is 80%, by what percentage does the TSR exceed the requirement?
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20% |
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20% is exceed the requirement
20+80=100
24+80=104
30+80=110
32+80=112
40+80=120 |
20% is exceed the requirement
20+80=100
24+80=104
30+80=110
32+80=112
40+80=120 |
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| 6 |
What is the potential increase in moisture damage resistance for CMA-CR compared to conventional CMA if the improvement is 12%?
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14% |
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The durability results revealed that the CMA-CR mixture prevented higher mass loss, representing 14% improvement compared with conventional CMA. |
The durability results revealed that the CMA-CR mixture prevented higher mass loss, representing 14% improvement compared with conventional CMA. |
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| 7 |
If the shear resistance of CLR-modified CMA increases due to the membrane effect, which physical property is most directly influenced?
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Tensile strength |
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because tensile strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength |
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| 8 |
The viscosity of CLR-modified bitumen at 135°C is 1.16 Pa·s. If the shear rate is 50 s^-1, what is the shear stress?
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58 Pa |
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1.16=shear stress/50
50x1.16=58 |
1.16=shear stress/50
50x1.16=58 |
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| 9 |
If the mass loss in the Cantabro test for CMA-CR is 14.6% and the maximum accepted limit is 20%, by how much does CMA-CR fall below the limit?
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4.4% |
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20-14.6=4.4 |
20-14.6=4.4 |
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| 10 |
What is the significance of using cup lump rubber in the context of environmental sustainability?
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It helps in lowering carbon emissions during production. |
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Natural rubber is a renewable resource that can be sustainably harvested without causing harm to the environment |
The tapping process used to extract latex sap from rubber trees allows the trees to grow and absorb carbon dioxide, making natural rubber a carbon-neutral material. |
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| 11 |
What is one of the emerging trends affecting China's oil and gas pipeline development strategies?
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Digitization |
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Emerging trends in digitization, intelligence, and low-carbon transition have significantly affected China's oil and gas pipeline development strategies |
Emerging trends in digitization, intelligence, and low-carbon transition have significantly affected China's oil and gas pipeline development strategies |
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| 12 |
What is the proportion of natural gas pipelines in the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China as of 2022?
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60% |
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According to statistics from the National Energy Administration, as of 2022, the length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines built in China will reach 180,000 km, of which natural gas pipelines account for more than 60%. |
According to statistics from the National Energy Administration, as of 2022, the length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines built in China will reach 180,000 km, of which natural gas pipelines account for more than 60%. The proportion of natural gas pipelines will remain constant and may even increase owing to the sharply increasing demand for clean and efficient energy. However, overall, the oil and gas pipeline construction progress is falling far behind schedule. In particular, the current progress is still quite far from the goal of 210,000 km |
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| 13 |
If the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China is 180,000 km, how many kilometers are dedicated to natural gas pipelines?
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108,000 km |
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60/100 x 180000 = 108,000 |
60/100 x 180000 = 108,000 |
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| 14 |
According to the article, if the target length for oil and gas pipelines is 210,000 km by 2025, how many kilometers need to be constructed from the 2022 total?
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30,000 km |
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as of 2022, the length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines built in China will reach 180,000 km
210,000-180,000=30,000 km |
as of 2022, the length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines built in China will reach 180,000 km
but the target length is 210,000 so 210,000 - 180,000 = 30,000 km |
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| 15 |
If the failure rate of oil and gas pipelines in Europe is 0.29 per year per hundred kilometers, what is the failure rate per year for a pipeline network of 1,000 kilometers?
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2.9 failures |
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0.29x10=2..9 |
0.29x10=2..9 |
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| 16 |
What is one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China according to the article?
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Oil theft through drilling |
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according to Fig. 3 illustrates the causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China according to a set of publicly reported accidents over the past two decades. Construction damage and oil theft through drilling are the leading causes of China's oil and gas pipeline failures |
Fig. 3 illustrates the causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China according to a set of publicly reported accidents over the past two decades. Construction damage and oil theft through drilling are the leading causes of China's oil and gas pipeline failures |
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| 17 |
Assuming the failure rate in the United States is 0.14 per year per hundred kilometers, calculate the expected number of failures per year for a 1,500 kilometers pipeline network.
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2.1 failures |
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0.14x15 = 2.1 |
0.14x15 = 2.1 |
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| 18 |
If a pipeline defect inspection technology improves detection efficiency by 25% and the current detection efficiency is 80%, what will be the new detection efficiency?
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100% |
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25/100 x 80 = 20
80+20 = 100 |
25/100 x 80 = 20
80+20 = 100 |
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| 19 |
If a vibration signal monitoring system faces a 15% reduction in noise levels due to a new technology and the original noise level was 200 units, what is the new noise level?
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170 units |
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15/100 x 200 = 30
200 - 30 = 170 |
15/100 x 200 = 30
200 - 30 = 170 |
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| 20 |
For a hydrogen pipeline with an embrittlement rate of 0.05% per year, calculate the total embrittlement after 10 years.
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0.5% |
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0.05x10 = 0.5 |
0.05x10 = 0.5 |
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