| 1 |
What is the primary role of gallic acid in sustainable packaging as discussed in the article?
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To enhance mechanical strength and UV barrier properties |
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loading gallic acid within the polymer matrix can improve packaging properties, including UV barrier, mechanical strength, and water vapor and oxygen permeability |
This article reviews the potential of gallic acid for developing biodegradable, active, intelligent, and edible packaging. Future directions include evaluating gallic acid's toxicity, |
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| 2 |
According to the article, what effect does gallic acid have on the biodegradability of chitosan films?
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It increases biodegradability |
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make it more easily to biodegradable |
Loading gallic acid into biodegradable materials can modify physical packaging properties. |
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| 3 |
How does gallic acid impact the antimicrobial properties of packaging materials?
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It has a synergistic effect with nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial properties |
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Incorporating gallic acid into packaging materials enhances antimicrobial properties |
Incorporating gallic acid into packaging materials enhances antimicrobial properties |
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| 4 |
If gallic acid improves oxygen scavenging capacity by 120 mg O2 per gram, how much oxygen can 10 grams of gallic acid scavenge?
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1200 mg O2 |
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120x10 = 1200 |
120x10 = 1200 |
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| 5 |
Given that adding gallic acid at 0.5% to a polymer increases its tensile strength by 15%, how much would the tensile strength increase if 2% gallic acid is added, assuming the relationship is linear?
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6% |
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0.5=15
0.5x4 = 15x4
=60 |
0.5=15
0.5x4 = 15x4
=60 |
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| 6 |
If the water vapor permeability of a packaging film decreases by 10% with each 0.1% increase in gallic acid content, what is the decrease in permeability when the content is increased from 0.1% to 0.5%?
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50% |
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0.1x5=10x5
=50 |
0.1x5=10x5
=50 |
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| 7 |
What is a significant benefit of using gallic acid in food packaging according to the article?
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It acts as a cost-effective filler material |
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because its help food packaging biodegrade easily |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001701#sec5 |
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| 8 |
Which of the following is not a property affected by gallic acid in food packaging materials?
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Aroma of the food product |
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gallic acid does not effect Aroma of the food product because it would take alot of gallic acid to affect the aroma of the food low wer gallic acid amout will not cause anything to Aroma |
Evaluating the potential toxicity of gallic acid migrating from packaging materials into food is crucial to ensure consumer safety. Studies have shown varying toxicity levels depending on the administered dose. At a dose of 3000 mg/Kg, gallic acid showed a lower survival rate of Zophobas morio larvae (40 %), and a concentration of 2191.51 mg/Kg gallic acid produced an acute lethal concentration (ALC50) of 2191.51 mg/Kg at 48 h
also found that gallic acid administration of 0.6 % and 5 % gallic acid to male and female mice, respectively, reduced hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts, although it increased reticulocytes. |
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| 9 |
What sustainability challenge does gallic acid address when used in packaging?
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Lowering greenhouse gas emissions directly |
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because gallic acid enhancing biodegrade |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001701#sec5 |
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| 10 |
Which of the following is a future research direction for gallic acid mentioned in the article?
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Reducing its bioactivity to minimize effects on food |
|
Gallic acid is natural polyphenol that has the potential to be a bioactive component included in sustainable packaging designs. Gallic acids can be loaded in biodegradable polymer matrices to generate compostable, renewable, and eco-friendly packaging |
Gallic acid is natural polyphenol that has the potential to be a bioactive component included in sustainable packaging designs. Gallic acids can be loaded in biodegradable polymer matrices to generate compostable, renewable, and eco-friendly packaging |
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| 11 |
What is the primary reason CCUS is considered essential for achieving carbon neutrality in India by 2070?
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To manage and reduce CO2 emissions from heavy industries. |
|
, represented in units of carbon dioxide equivalent and used to show a region's overall carbon footprint. Human activities' influence on the environment may be measured using a “carbon footprint, |
The rapid increase in the number of greenhouse gases that may be attributed to anthropogenic activity has led to a significant rise in the average surface temperature of the globe, which in turn has caused global warming. These impacts are assessed using an indication such as global warming potential, represented in units of carbon dioxide equivalent and used to show a region's overall carbon footprint. Human activities' influence on the environment may be measured using a “carbon footprint,” which refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases those activities generate. Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) will play a significant and essential part in India's efforts to cut its CO2 emissions in half by the year 2050 and reach net-zero emissions by 2070. This study identified prospective sources of CO2 emissions from various sectors in India. Additionally, this study investigates the technology for CO2 capture, utilization, and potential storage in India. |
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| 12 |
According to the article, how does the Indian government aim to support the implementation of CCUS technology?
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By providing subsidies and funding for CCUS research and development. |
|
a |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001646#sec1 |
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| 13 |
What are the anticipated benefits of integrating CCUS technology in thermal power plants by 2030?
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Significant reduction in CO2 emissions contributing to decarbonization goals. |
|
a |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001646#sec1 |
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| 14 |
If a CCUS facility captures 2 million metric tonnes of CO2 annually from a power plant, how much CO2 is captured in 5 years?
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10 million metric tonnes |
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2x5 |
2x5 |
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| 15 |
Given the current rate of CO2 emissions reduction targets, if India needs to reduce emissions by 50% by 2050 from a baseline of 3 billion metric tonnes, what will be the target emissions per year by 2050?
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1.5 billion metric tonnes |
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3/2 |
3/2 |
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| 16 |
If CO2 emissions from the power sector are reduced by 25% from an initial value of 1200 mtpa due to CCUS, what are the new emission levels?
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900 mtpa |
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1200-300 |
1200-300 |
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| 17 |
What is the main driver for the adoption of CCUS technology in India?
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To meet international climate agreements. |
|
a |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001646#sec1 |
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| 18 |
What sector is anticipated to benefit most from CCUS according to the article?
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Heavy industry |
|
a |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001646#sec1 |
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| 19 |
Which technology is critical for achieving India's climate goals according to the article?
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Wind energy development |
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Thermal power plants that use fossil fuels like coal and lignite, combined with nuclear and renewable energy sources, produce most of the world's electricity. |
Thermal power plants that use fossil fuels like coal and lignite, combined with nuclear and renewable energy sources, produce most of the world's electricity. However, India has set a target of 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, and the recent decade has observed significant additions of renewable energy-producing capacity to electricity. Also, India plans to get 40 % of its electricity from renewable energy (India Energy Outlook 2021). Although it is anticipated that the proportion of energy generated from fossil fuels will decrease in the years to come, it is also anticipated that the energy demand will grow dramatically from its current levels, specifically by 25–30 percent by 2030 and by 60–70 percent by 2040 (India Energy Outlook 2021). For the near future, a significant portion of India's power requirements will continue to be satisfied by coal. This will be done to protect India's energy security and ensure that every home has access to electricity. Therefore, the power sector will continue to be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions; consequently, carbon capture and storage (CCUS) is of the utmost significance for reducing CO2 emissions from the power sector. |
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| 20 |
What is the expected impact of CCUS on India's CO2 emissions by 2050?
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Double the current emissions |
|
a |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001646#sec1 |
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