| 1 |
What was identified as a significant challenge in staying away from others within the household during isolation and quarantine?
|
Limited outdoor activities |
|
ความเหงาเกี่ยวข้องกับผลกระทบทางร่างกายและจิตใจหลายประการ รวมถึงความดันโลหิตซิสโตลิกที่สูงขึ้น และเพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อโรคหัวใจ ทั้งความเหงาและการแยกตัวออกจากสังคมสัมพันธ์กับความเสี่ยงที่เพิ่มขึ้นในการเสียชีวิตจากโรคหลอดเลือดหัวใจ แม้แต่ในผู้ใหญ่วัยกลางคนที่ไม่มีประวัติกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจตายมาก่อน (Heffner et al., 2011; Steptoe et al., 2013) นอกจากนี้ การวิจัยยังแสดงให้เห็นว่าทั้งความเหงาและการแยกตัวออกจากสังคมเป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่เป็นอิสระต่อการเสียชีวิตจากทุกสาเหตุที่สูงขึ้น (Yu et al., 2020)
ความเหงาส่งผลเสียต่อสุขภาพจิตหลายประการ ระยะเวลาบนเตียงที่ลดลง (ประสิทธิภาพการนอนหลับลดลง 7%) และเวลาตื่นที่เพิ่มขึ้นหลังจากเริ่มนอนหลับมีความสัมพันธ์กับความเหงา (Cacioppo et al., 2002; Fässberg et al., 2012) อาการซึมเศร้าที่เพิ่มขึ้นอาจเกิดจากความเหงา ร่วมกับสุขภาพที่ไม่ดี สถานะการทำงานบกพร่อง การมองเห็นบกพร่อง และการรับรู้การเปลี่ยนแปลงคุณภาพชีวิตในทางลบ (Lee et al., 2019) การทบทวนความเสี่ยงในการฆ่าตัวตายอย่างเป็นระบบยังพบว่าความเหงาสัมพันธ์กับการพยายามฆ่าตัวตายและการฆ่าตัวตายในผู้สูงอายุ (Fässberg et al., 2012) ความเหงาและอาการซึมเศร้าสัมพันธ์กับการรับรู้ที่แย่ลงเมื่อเวลาผ่านไป การทบทวนอย่างเป็นระบบสรุปว่าความเหงาและการแยกตัวออกจากสังคมมีความสัมพันธ์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญกับภาวะสมองเสื่อม (Kuiper et al., 2015)
กลไกที่นำเสนอสำหรับผลกระทบด้านสุขภาพจากความเหงามุ่งเน้นไปที่การตอบสนองต่อความเครียดทางสรีรวิทยา (เช่นคอร์ติซอลที่เพิ่มขึ้น) (Xia และ Li, 2018) การตอบสนองต่อความเครียดที่ผิดปกตินำไปสู่ผลลัพธ์ด้านสุขภาพที่ไม่พึงประสงค์ สำหรับการแยกตัวทางสังคม กลไกนี้อาจเกี่ยวข้องกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรม รวมถึงวิถีชีวิตที่ไม่ดีต่อสุขภาพ (เช่น การสูบบุหรี่ การบริโภคเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ การออกกำลังกายน้อยลง การเลือกรับประทานอาหารที่ไม่ดี และการไม่ปฏิบัติตามใบสั่งแพทย์) (Kobayashi and Steptoe, 2018; Leigh-Hunt et อัล., 2017). เครือข่ายโซเชียลขนาดเล็กที่มีการสนับสนุนทางการแพทย์น้อยกว่าจะทำให้อาการเหล่านี้รุนแรงขึ้น การรับรู้และพัฒนาความเข้าใจที่ดีขึ้นเกี่ยวกับกลไกที่เป็นไปได้เหล่านี้ควรช่วยเราในการออกแบบการแทรกแซงที่มีผลกระทบมากที่สุด |
Loneliness is associated with various physical and mental repercussions, including elevated systolic blood pressure and increased risk for heart disease. Both loneliness and social isolation have been associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease-associated death, even in middle-aged adults without a prior history of myocardial infarction (Heffner et al., 2011; Steptoe et al., 2013). Furthermore, research has shown that both loneliness and social isolation are independent risk factors for higher all-cause mortality (Yu et al., 2020).
Being lonely has several adverse impacts on mental health. Reduced time in bed spent asleep (7% reduced sleep efficiency) and increased wake time after sleep onset have been related to loneliness (Cacioppo et al., 2002; Fässberg et al., 2012). Increased depressive symptomatology may also be caused by loneliness, along with poor self-rated health, impaired functional status, vision deficits, and a perceived negative change in the quality of one’s life (Lee et al., 2019). A systematic review of suicide risk also found that loneliness is associated with both suicide attempts and completed suicide among older adults (Fässberg et al., 2012). Loneliness, along with depressive symptoms, are related to worsening cognition over time. A systematic review concluded that loneliness and social isolation were significantly associated with incident dementia (Kuiper et al., 2015).
The proposed mechanism for the adverse health impacts of loneliness focuses on the physiological stress response (such as increased cortisol) (Xia and Li, 2018). Abnormal stress responses lead to adverse health outcomes. For social isolation, the mechanism may be related to behavioral changes, including an unhealthy lifestyle (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, lower physical activity, poor dietary choices, and noncompliance with medical prescription) (Kobayashi and Steptoe, 2018; Leigh-Hunt et al., 2017). A smaller social network with less medical support exacerbates these conditions. Recognizing and developing a better understanding of these possible mechanisms should help us to design the most impactful interventions.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7306546/
https://www.appa.org/what-was-the-biggest-challenge-or-lesson-learned-with-your-quarantine-isolation-process/ |
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| 2 |
According to the study, what factor significantly influenced participants' decisions to follow isolation and quarantine guidelines?
|
Supportive work policies |
|
ผลลัพธ์. ผู้เข้าร่วมต้องการข้อมูลที่ชัดเจน เข้าถึงได้ และเชื่อถือได้ เพื่อเป็นแนวทางในการกักกันและแยกตัวที่บ้าน ความรู้สึกรับผิดชอบต่อสังคมและความเชื่อในประสิทธิภาพของข้อจำกัดในการลดการแพร่กระจายของไวรัสช่วยกระตุ้นพวกเขา
Results. Participants required clear, accessible and trusted information to guide them in home-based quarantine and isolation. A sense of social responsibility and belief in the efficacy of the restrictions to reduce viral transmission aided their motivation. |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9502922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345979/
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559288/full |
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| 3 |
What harm reduction strategies were commonly reported by participants during isolation and quarantine?
|
Maintaining distance from others and wearing masks |
|
In San Francisco, Fuchs et al. (31) retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of an isolation hotel for individuals experiencing homelessness during the COVID‐19 pandemic before vaccines became available. Of the 1009 participants included in the study, 225 (25%) had a diagnosed mental health disorder, 236 (26%) had a diagnosed substance use disorder, and 91 (10%) had been in jail in the past year. In total, 81% completed their hotel stay, and the factors associated with premature discontinuation of isolation conditions were unsheltered homelessness and requiring quarantine as a close contact. However, the study did not report whether the factors associated with discontinuation were the same across individuals with or without SPMIs. In addition, although direct transfers to isolation hotels from the emergency and outpatient departments were associated with averting hospital admissions, 48 patients had behavioral health needs that exceeded the hotel capabilities; for these individuals, their ultimate disposition was unclear. For these reasons, according to the ROBINS‐I tool, the study had a serious risk of bias due to missing data (as described for individuals with SPMI) and selection bias. Consequently, strategies to improve guest retention and address behavioral health needs not met in hotel settings are intervention priorities, as described by the study authors. |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8652932/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820671/ |
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| 4 |
What financial concern was highlighted as a barrier to adherence to isolation and quarantine measures?
|
Fear of job loss |
|
สัญญาณที่พบบ่อยของความกลัวตกงาน ได้แก่ ความวิตกกังวลอย่างต่อเนื่อง สมาธิไม่ดี รบกวนการนอนหลับ และความต้องการความมั่นใจอย่างต่อเนื่อง เมื่อคุณระบุสัญญาณเหล่านี้ได้แล้ว สิ่งสำคัญคือต้องดำเนินการเชิงรุกเพื่อจัดการกับความกลัว กลยุทธ์หนึ่งที่มีประสิทธิภาพคือการฝึกสติและการตระหนักรู้ในตนเอง
Some common signs of fear of job loss include persistent anxiety, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, and a constant need for reassurance. Once you have identified these signs, it is important to take proactive steps to manage the fear. One effective strategy is to practice mindfulness and self-awareness. |
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-handle-fear-job-loss-aamar-srivastava-passive-income-coach-4riic
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/fear-of-losing-job
https://link.springer.com/10.1007%2F978-94-007-0753-5_1022 |
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| 5 |
Essay | What were the key challenges faced by individuals in staying away from others within the household during isolation and quarantine?
|
ความเหงา ความหวาดกลัว ความวิตกกังวล |
|
States, territories, and tribes have broad authority to act in the interest of the health, safety, and welfare of the public. In particular, to control the spread of disease within their borders, states have laws that authorize the use of isolation and quarantine. These laws vary from state to state and can be specific or broad. In some states, local health authorities implement state law. In most states, breaking a quarantine order is a criminal misdemeanor.
Tribes have the authority to take actions that promote the health, safety, and welfare of their own tribal members. Tribal health authorities may enforce their own isolation and quarantine laws within tribal lands, if such laws exist.
Government officials have many roles when it comes to issuing isolation and quarantine orders, and the delegation of authority can depend on individual state laws. Generally, during public health emergencies, epidemiologists and scientists make recommendations about isolation and quarantine. Next, state or local health officials issue an order based on those recommendations. Some states give the power to order isolation and quarantine to local governments, while other states reserve that power for themselves. This division of responsibilities and powers makes it very important for government officials and groups to communicate clearly and cooperate closely at state and local levels during a public health emergency.
The federal government also plays a role when it comes to isolation and quarantine. Under the Public Health Service Act, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can detain, medically examine, or conditionally release people suspected of carrying certain communicable diseases at any international border, including at international airports or at borders between states. This screening power is widely used, and such screenings routinely happen at US airports.
Additionally, the federal government has screening authority within a state or territory if an individual is reasonably believed to be infected and state, territorial, or local disease control measures are inadequate to control the spread of disease. It’s important to note that the federal authority to screen, isolate, and quarantine applies only to communicable diseases that have been listed in a Presidential Executive Order. Federal isolation and quarantine are authorized for these communicable diseases: cholera; diphtheria; infectious tuberculosis; plague; smallpox; yellow fever; viral hemorrhagic fever; and severe acute respiratory syndromes, including COVID-19 and flu, that can cause a pandemic. |
https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/47/5/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9212950/
https://www.changelabsolutions.org/blog/isolation-quarantine |
10 |
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| 6 |
What is the main concern highlighted in the study regarding the research effort in African urban ecology?
|
Exponential growth in research effort. |
|
We performed a literature search in Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus on 8 March 2021 using different combinations of 89 relevant keywords within the article titles, abstracts and keywords, covering the period 1920–2020. The search string containing research focus (23 keywords; e.g., ecology, biodiversity and wellbeing) and urban terms (5 keywords; e.g., urban, city and town) were matched with region (Africa and country name). We performed independent searches for each of the 58 countries and autonomous territories in the continent. A detailed description of these search terms, and the relevant Web of Science categories (41) and Scopus study fields (10) selected can be found in Table S1. The relevance of the use of such comprehensive keywords has been demonstrated by previous studies (e.g., Raji and Downs, 2021, Roy et al., 2012, Tan and bin Abdul Hamid, A.R. , 2014).
We then uploaded all detected papers on Rayyan (https://www.rayyan.ai/) for screening. Rayyan is a web-based App that uses a semi-automation process to screen paper’s preliminary pages with a high degree of precision (Olofsson et al., 2017, Ouzzani et al., 2016). Its adaptability and many functions allow the detection of duplicates, verification, collaboration and decisions in systematic reviews (Abreha, 2019, de Keijzer et al., 2016). In the present study, both authors independently performed the paper selection process by activating the “blind function” in Rayyan and reached a consensus thereafter.
Our selection process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA Statement) (Abreha, 2019, Moher et al., 2009), which is presented in Fig. 1. Based on article titles and abstracts, we first excluded duplicates, non-African studies and investigations carried out outside urban settings. We also excluded papers on human diseases, climate change, pollution and agriculture when they were exclusively focused on clear different disciplines, such as malaria studies exclusively focused on the medical science (e.g., Kigozi et al., 2020) or agricultural papers investigating different crop varieties without any socio-ecological, biodiversity or human dimensions focus (e.g., Kent et al., 2001). Several systematic reviews already exist on these disciplines (e.g., Fayiga et al., 2018, Hulme et al., 2001, Orsini et al., 2013). The remaining articles were then screened and those that met the following criteria were retained for data extraction: (1) urban landscape, ecological and sociological studies, (2) journal articles published in English, (3) peer-reviewed as a first step towards quality control (Beninde et al., 2015, Raji and Downs, 2021), and (4) biodiversity conservation studies (including pet animals and introduced species). |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204623000269
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367636086_Status_of_urban_ecology_in_Africa_A_systematic_review
https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/87167/1/Systematic%20review.pdf |
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| 7 |
According to the study, what factor is suggested as a potential reason for the low research effort in African urban ecology?
|
Lack of economic resources. |
|
We extracted the following data from each included paper: title, year of publication, journal, country of study and study sites. We then classified each paper based on type (field study, review or perspective) and scale, which included city (conducted in a single city), local (involving more than one city in a country), regional (involving more than one African country) and global (involving more than the African continent). Further, we followed the classification of Magle et al. (2012) to allocate each paper to one of the following scientific fields, including animal behavior, community ecology, conservation, human dimensions, human-wildlife conflict, landscape ecology, population ecology, wildlife disease and wildlife management. For taxonomic studies, we extracted information on the kingdoms and classes of focal species based on the classification of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (GBIF, 2021; accessed May 2022). |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204623000269
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367636086_Status_of_urban_ecology_in_Africa_A_systematic_review
https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/87167/1/Systematic%20review.pdf |
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| 8 |
Why does the study recommend funding bodies to finance the education of local urban ecologists in Africa?
|
To address the lack of local capacity and expertise. |
|
Urbanization is an extreme human activity and is expanding worldwide, consequently increasing the attention of scientists across research areas of urban ecology. Recent studies have warned of the lack of information from certain regions, particularly Africa, which is rapidly urbanizing. Thus, we did a detailed literature search to determine the state of knowledge in African urban ecology in the last century. We found 795 relevant papers from where data were collected and tested to understand geographic and ecological mismatches in research effort, allowing us to identify important knowledge gaps (e.g., taxonomy and scientific fields). We also tested the effect of current and future urbanization intensity, human population density, size and conservation status of ecoregions and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on research effort. Our results suggest a low turnout of papers and a dearth of knowledge about African urban ecology. Studies were conducted in 72% of African countries, with South Africa alone accounting for almost 40% of all published papers. The studies were either conducted at the city (55%) or local/country (34%) level, suggesting the lack of transnational research collaboration. Interestingly , only country GDP and the size and conservation status of ecoregions significantly predicted the number of publications, suggesting that research effort is driven by economic reasons and the relevance of conservation in African urban ecology. We need to account for these biases to advance our understanding of the impacts of urbanization on African biodiversity. |
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367636086_Status_of_urban_ecology_in_Africa_A_systematic_review
https://www.britishecologicalsociety.org/funding/launching-our-new-grants-programme/ecologists-in-africa/ |
7 |
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| 9 |
What is the significance of South Africa in African urban ecology research, as highlighted in the study?
|
It invests the most in Research and Development (R&D). |
|
Our search string detected a total of 60,355 papers out of which 17,793 duplicates were removed. The output of the remaining processes of Rayyan screening led to the retention of 795 papers considered in this review (Fig. 1). Out of them, 691 (87 %) were field studies, 90 (11 %) reviews and 14 (2 %) perspectives, all of which were published in 377 journals (Table S2). The first urban ecology studies focused on Africa date back from the 1970s (Okpala, 1978, Hugo, 1979), but the publication rate on the topic was slow (<10 papers/year) until 2006 when an exponential growth started, culminating in 126 papers published in 2020 (Fig. 2). From a geographical point of view, we found studies from 72 % of the countries that make up the African continent (42 out of 58 countries and autonomous territories; Fig. 3). However, a single country (South Africa) published 4 out of every 10 papers on the topic (N = 313), with the highly-urbanized and biodiversity-rich countries of tropical regions of the continent recording little (<40 papers; e.g., Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya) or even no urban studies (e.g., Angola and Liberia; Fig. 3, Fig. 4) for the period of study (1920–2020). Furthermore, papers found in our literature search showed that most urban ecological research in Africa (89 %) was performed within countries, either focused on a single city (N = 434; 55 %) or conducted locally (N = 270; 34 %). We identified very few international research as only 4 % of the studies were carried out regionally (i.e., including more than one African country; N = 29) and only 8 % were coordinated at a global scale (i.e., including data from other continents too; N = 62). |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204623000269 |
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| 10 |
Essay | Examine the factors contributing to the underrepresentation of African urban ecology research, as discussed in the study. Discuss the potential implications of this underrepresentation on global urban ecology knowledge and biodiversity conservation efforts. Propose actionable recommendations for fostering increased research efforts and collaboration in African urban ecology.
|
เน้นการให้ความรู้ด้านนิเวศวิทยาให้มากขึ้น |
|
Urbanization is an extreme human activity and is expanding worldwide, consequently increasing the attention of scientists across research areas of urban ecology. Recent studies have warned of the lack of information from certain regions, particularly Africa, which is rapidly urbanizing. Thus, we did a detailed literature search to determine the state of knowledge in African urban ecology in the last century. We found 795 relevant papers from where data were collected and tested to understand geographic and ecological mismatches in research effort, allowing us to identify important knowledge gaps (e.g., taxonomy and scientific fields). We also tested the effect of current and future urbanization intensity, human population density, size and conservation status of ecoregions and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on research effort. Our results suggest a low turnout of papers and a dearth of knowledge about African urban ecology. Studies were conducted in 72% of African countries, with South Africa alone accounting for almost 40% of all published papers. The studies were either conducted at the city (55%) or local/country (34%) level, suggesting the lack of transnational research collaboration. Interestingly, only country GDP and the size and conservation status of ecoregions significantly predicted the number of publications, suggesting that research effort is driven by economic reasons and the relevance of conservation in African urban ecology. We need to account for these biases to advance our understanding of the impacts of urbanization on African biodiversity. |
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/items/9b6baa3e-8f51-4e35-9426-8d2d336191c3
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367636086_Status_of_urban_ecology_in_Africa_A_systematic_review |
10 |
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| 11 |
What is the primary reason suggested for the sudden increase in research papers on AI acceptability in healthcare imaging within the last four years?
|
Overwhelming evidence of AI's diagnostic accuracy |
|
Artificial intelligence (AI) in the domain of healthcare is increasing in prominence. Acceptance is an indispensable prerequisite for the widespread implementation of AI. The aim of this integrative review is to explore barriers and facilitators influencing healthcare professionals’ acceptance of AI in the hospital setting. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Pertinent elements to the study such as the type of AI, factors influencing acceptance, and the participants’ profession were extracted from the included studies, and the studies were appraised for their quality. The data extraction and results were presented according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The included studies revealed a variety of facilitating and hindering factors for AI acceptance in the hospital setting. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) were the AI form included in most studies (n = 21). Heterogeneous results with regard to the perceptions of the effects of AI on error occurrence, alert sensitivity and timely resources were reported. In contrast, fear of a loss of (professional) autonomy and difficulties in integrating AI into clinical workflows were unanimously reported to be hindering factors. On the other hand, training for the use of AI facilitated acceptance. Heterogeneous results may be explained by differences in the application and functioning of the different AI systems as well as inter-professional and interdisciplinary disparities. To conclude, in order to facilitate acceptance of AI among healthcare professionals it is advisable to integrate end-users in the early stages of AI development as well as to offer needs-adjusted training for the use of AI in healthcare and providing adequate infrastructure. |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00852-5
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371291355_A_Review_of_the_Role_of_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Healthcare
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616181/ |
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| 12 |
What does the review propose regarding the identified factors influencing AI acceptability?
|
They provide a comprehensive and systematic approach for study design |
|
The literature has converged towards three overarching categories of factors underpinning AI acceptability including: user factors involving trust, system understanding, AI literacy, and technology receptiveness; system usage factors entailing value proposition, self-efficacy, burden, and workflow integration; and socio-organisational-cultural factors encompassing social influence, organisational readiness, ethicality, and perceived threat to professional identity. Yet, numerous studies have overlooked a meaningful subset of these factors that are integral to the use of medical AI systems such as the impact on clinical workflow practices, trust based on perceived risk and safety, and compatibility with the norms of medical professions. This is attributable to reliance on theoretical frameworks or ad-hoc approaches which do not explicitly account for healthcare-specific factors, the novelties of AI as software as a medical device (SaMD), and the nuances of human-AI interaction from the perspective of medical professionals rather than lay consumer or business end users. |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0933365723002129
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585322001587 |
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| 13 |
What is the main limitation discussed in the section on "Theoretical frameworks and ad-hoc approaches used"?
|
Ad-hoc approaches are always superior to theoretical frameworks |
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In early philosophical literature, a ‘prediction’ was considered to be an empirical consequence of a theory that had not yet been verified at the time the theory was constructed—an ‘accommodation’ was one that had. The view that predictions are superior to accommodations in the assessment of scientific theories is known as ‘predictivism’. Commonly, however, predictivism is understood more precisely as entailing that evidence confirms theory more strongly when predicted than when accommodated. Much ink has been spilled modifying the concept of ‘prediction’ and explaining why predictivism is or is not true, and whether the history of science and, more recently, logic (Martin and Hjortland 2021) reveals that scientists are predictivist in their assessment of theories. The debate over predictivism also figures importantly in the debate about scientific realism |
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prediction-accommodation/ |
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| 14 |
What recommendation does the review make regarding conceptual clarity and terminology consistency?
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Rely on ordinary definitions of words |
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Thus, the purpose of this article is to explain why clear conceptual definitions are essential for scientific progress and provide a concrete |
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1094428115624965
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/conceptual-clarity |
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| 15 |
Essay | Please Discuss the key findings and implications of the scoping review on healthcare professional acceptability of AI in diagnostic imaging. Highlight the identified factors, theoretical frameworks used, and the recommendations made for future research in this domain.
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| 16 |
What is the primary focus of the systematic review discussed in the passage?
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Workplace violence (WPV) prevalence in diagnostic radiography |
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Key takeaways: A systematic review is a thorough and detailed review of existing literature on a particular topic, designed to address a ... |
https://www.editage.com/insights/a-young-researchers-guide-to-a-systematic-review
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/systematic-review/ |
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| 17 |
According to the passage, which profession is typically considered to encounter WPV more frequently than others in the healthcare sector?
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Nurses |
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Twelve papers met the selection criteria and were included. This review shows that the WPV prevalence were 69.2–100 % (whole career) and 46.1–83.0 % (last 12 months) in diagnostic radiography, 63.0–84.0 % (whole career) in radiation therapy, 57.6 % in medical sonography (last 12 months), and 46.8 % (last 6 months) in nuclear medicine. The identified WPV risk factors included intoxicated patients, staff stress, feeling of inadequacy resulting in self-protection, more vulnerable practitioners (female, <40 years old and <5-year experience), working in radiation therapy treatment room, emergency department, examination room, general radiography, public hospital, and non-examination and waiting areas, long patient waiting time, night shift, overcrowding environment, unable to meet patients'/family members' expectations, miscommunication, patient handling, inadequate staff and security measures, interaction with colleagues, and lone working. |
https://www.radiographyonline.com/article/S1078-8174(23)00258-4/fulltext
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10381052/
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1488089/FULLTEXT01.pdf |
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| 18 |
What is identified as the most common type of WPV in the included studies, as mentioned in the passage?
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Verbal abuse and threats |
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Verbal abuse was the most common type, and physical abuse was the second (Alkorashy & Al Moalad, 2016; Alsaleem et al., 2018; Ataman & Gökhan, 2016; Berlanda et al., 2019; Boafo, 2016; Cheung & Yip, 2017; Davey et al., 2020; Hamdan & Hamra, 2015; Hamzaoglu & Türk, 2019; Lin et al., 2015; Mishra et al., 2018; Sisawo et ... |
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23779608241258029
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5310001/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381006629_Workplace_Violence_Against_Healthcare_Workers_A_Literature_Review |
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| 19 |
According to the ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI framework guidelines mentioned in the passage, what is suggested as a key measure for addressing the WPV issue in medical radiation sciences (MRS)?
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Ignoring incidents of WPV |
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นโยบายและกลไกการป้องกัน WPV ควรครอบคลุมทุกแง่มุมของงาน MRS และควรมีองค์ประกอบสำคัญดังต่อไปนี้:
นโยบาย WPV ที่ชัดเจนและเข้มงวด: นโยบายควรระบุพฤติกรรมที่ถือว่าเป็น WPV กำหนดขั้นตอนการรายงานเหตุการณ์ WPV และอธิบายผลที่ตามมาสำหรับผู้กระทำผิด
การฝึกอบรมพนักงานเกี่ยวกับการป้องกัน WPV: พนักงานควรได้รับการฝึกอบรมเกี่ยวกับวิธีการระบุ ป้องกัน และรายงาน WPV
การสื่อสารที่มีประสิทธิภาพเกี่ยวกับ WPV: พนักงานควรได้รับข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับ WPV อย่างสม่ำเสมอและเข้าใจง่าย
ระบบการรายงานเหตุการณ์ WPV: พนักงานควรมีวิธีง่ายๆ ในการรายงานเหตุการณ์ WPV โดยไม่ต้องกลัวการแก้แค้น
การสืบสวนและดำเนินการทางวินัยอย่างเหมาะสม: เหตุการณ์ WPV ทั้งหมดควรได้รับการสืบสวนอย่างละเอียด และผู้กระทำผิดควรได้รับการลงโทษตามสมควร
การสนับสนุนและทรัพยากรสำหรับพนักงานที่ได้รับผลกระทบจาก WPV: พนักงานที่ได้รับผลกระทบจาก WPV ควรได้รับการสนับสนุนทางจิตใจและการให้คำปรึกษา |
การหาคำตอบสำหรับคำถามนี้อาศัยการวิเคราะห์และสรุปเนื้อหาจากแนวทางและเอกสารที่จัดทำโดย ILO, ICN, WHO, และ PSI
โดยการอ่านและศึกษาเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกรอบการทำงานในการป้องกันและแก้ไขปัญหาความรุนแรงในที่ทำงาน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในสาขาวิทยาศาสตร์รังสีทางการแพทย์ การพิจารณาจากเอกสารดังกล่าวทำให้สามารถระบุได้ว่ามาตรการที่สำคัญที่สุดที่กรอบการทำงานนี้เสนอแนะคือการพัฒนาและดำเนินการตามนโยบายป้องกันความรุนแรงในที่ทำงานที่ครอบคลุมและบูรณาการ.
https://www.radiographyonline.com/article/S1078-8174(23)00258-4/fulltext
https://www.ilo.org/media/305331/download |
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| 20 |
Essay | According to the ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI framework guidelines, what is emphasized as the most important measure for addressing the issue of Workplace Violence (WPV) in Medical Radiation Sciences (MRS)?
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มาตรการที่สำคัญที่สุดในการแก้ไขปัญหาความรุนแรงในที่ทำงาน (WPV) ในสาขาวิทยาศาสตร์รังสีการแพทย์ (MRS) ตามแนวทางของกรอบแนวคิด ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI คือ การสร้างและบังคับใช้กลไกการป้องกัน
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กลไกการป้องกัน WPV หมายถึง แนวทางปฏิบัติ นโยบาย โปรแกรม และโครงสร้างที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อลดความเสี่ยงต่อ WPV และส่งเสริมสภาพแวดล้อมการทำงานที่ปลอดภัย กลไกการป้องกันเหล่านี้ควรมุ่งเป้าไปที่ทุกแง่มุมของงาน MRS รวมถึงการโต้ตอบกับผู้ป่วย ญาติผู้ป่วย เพื่อนร่วมงาน และผู้อื่นที่เกี่ยวข้อง
หลักการหาคำตอบ:
การหาคำตอบสำหรับคำถามนี้อาศัยการวิเคราะห์และสรุปเนื้อหาจากเอกสารและกรอบแนวคิดที่จัดทำโดย ILO, ICN, WHO, และ PSI ซึ่งเป็นหน่วยงานที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญในด้านการป้องกันความรุนแรงในที่ทำงาน การพิจารณาจากเอกสารและแนวทางปฏิบัติที่เกี่ยวข้องทำให้สามารถระบุถึงมาตรการที่สำคัญที่สุดที่กรอบแนวคิดเหล่านี้เน้นย้ำว่าเป็นหัวใจสำคัญในการแก้ไขปัญหาความรุนแรงในที่ทำงานในสาขาวิทยาศาสตร์รังสีการแพทย์ |
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/violence-against-health-workers/wpv-lebanon.pdf?sfvrsn=3f64ee7d_2&download=true |
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