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ยีนใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ Cardiovascular protection.
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3. SGLT1 |
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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly
worldwide. The number of people with DM worldwide is over 425
million and is expected to reach 700 million by 20451
. DM is
strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among CV
complications, heart failure (HF) increases significantly in DM
patients compared with non-DM patients2–4
. Worse still, DM is
associated with an increased risk of overall mortality in HF5
.
Although DM is a crucial risk factor for HF, the effectiveness of
glycemic control in preventing or managing HF has not yet been
proven. Some blood-glucose-lowering drugs, such as insulin,
thiazolidinedione (TZD), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
inhibitors, increase the risk of hospitalization for HF6
. Therefore,
the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires cardiovascular
outcome trials (CVOTs) for all candidate DM drugs7
.
Surprisingly, significant cardioprotective effects were demonstrated
in two major trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)
2 inhibitors, empagliflozin (EMPA) and dapagliflozin8,9
. In addition,
sotagliflozin (SOTA), the first reported dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor,
significantly reduced the risk of HF10. |
Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and sotagliflozin on
a zebrafish model of diabetic heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction. www.nature.com/emm
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ข้อใดคือ A three-way interaction among species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right hemisphere (p = 0.35; Fig. 7a) compared to humans.
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3. (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) |
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The relative depth and surface area of PMC sulci largely differ
between chimpanzees and humans. In terms of depth, an LME
with predictors of sulcus, hemisphere, and species revealed three
species-related findings. First, a main effect of species (F(1,
130) = 269.48, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.67) showed that human PMC
sulci were relatively deeper than chimpanzees (Fig. 7a). Second,
an interaction between species and sulcus (F(7, 1497) = 131.81,
p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.38) indicated more complex relationships at
the individual-sulcus level. Post hoc analyses revealed three
findings: i) the isms, pos, prculs-d, prcus-i, spls, and sspls-v were
relatively deeper in humans than chimpanzees (ps < 0.003), ii) the
mcgs was relatively deeper in chimpanzees than humans
(p = 0.04), and iii) the pmcgs was comparably deep between
species (p = 0.45; Fig. 7a). Third, a three-way interaction among
species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01,
η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in
the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right
hemisphere (p = 0.35; Fig. 7a) compared to humans. |
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ข้อใดคือ Models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains
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1. 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. |
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In contrast, models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence
for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains,
with 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated
RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. For P. falciparum,
the mean RC value was 0.568 (95% CI: 0–1.97) for East Malaysia and
0.386 (95% CI: 0–2.04) for West Malaysia. The mean RC for P. vivax
was 0.524 (95% CI: 0–2.436) and 0.230 (95%CI: 0, 1.820) for East and
West Malaysia, respectively (Fig. 4) |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38476-8
No evidence of sustained nonzoonotic
Plasmodium knowlesi transmission in
Malaysia from modelling malaria case data |
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นักเรียนสามารถคำนวณ Molar concentration of MPV จากอะไร
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5. มีคำตอบถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
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ข้อใดคือ DNA Alterations.
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5. ถูกทุกข้อ |
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ข้อใดเป็น Environment ASF Risk Category
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5. ถูกทุกข้อ |
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จากบทความเรื่อง Climate change ข้อใดคือ Innovations on climate change mitigation
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5. ทั้งหมดที่กล่าวมา |
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RR of No relationship was identified between fruit juice intake and the risk of developing GDM คือเท่าใด
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2. RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91–1.04) |
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ข้อใดคือ Weathering process of plastic waste?
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2. Thermal degradation |
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ข้อใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ LRRK2 mutations
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3. Determinant of PC |
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ผลของ DNA Damage คือข้อใด
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5. ทั้งหมดที่กล่าวมา |
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The collection of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called ?
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2. DNA Replication |
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DNA-PK dephosphorylation by the what protein activates DNA-PK. Loss of DNA-PK, both in vitro and in vivo, strongly attenuates both phosphorylation and acetylation of USF-1, leading to reduced activation of FAS gene and de novo lipogenesis
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1. Phosphatase PP3 |
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Application ของ The CRISPR-Cas9 system คือข้อใดต่อไปนี้
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5. ถูกทุกข้อ |
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Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations substantially increase the risk of developing breast cancer (BC), accounting for approximately how many % of familial BC
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1. 25 to 30% |
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จงอ่านข้อความต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
A 47-year-old woman presents to her oncologist with the complaint of solid mass on right breast. During her workup, an ultrasound of her breast shows a 6-cm right ovarian mass.
อยากทราบว่าควรรักษาเคสนี้อย่างไร
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5. พิจารณาทำคีโม |
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จงอ่านข้อมูลต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
Jame ขาหนีบบวม สัมผัสแล้วพบก้อนใต้ผิวหนังแต่ไม่ก่อให้เกิดอาการปวดแต่อย่างใด
• มีไข้
• น้ำหนักตัวลด
• เหงื่อออกตอนกลางคืน
• มีก้อนตามร่างกาย
การรักษา Jame ควรเป็นอย่างไร
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5. พิจารณาทำคีโม |
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กล้ามเนื้ออ่อนแรง อยากทราบว่าจะรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
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5. รักษาตามอาการ |
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ผู้ป่วย ป่วยด้วยโรคแผลกระเพาะอาหาร อยากทราบวิธีรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
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4. ละลายลิ่มเลือด |
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Aerobic exercise and resistance training with weights สามารถช่วยรักษาโรคใด
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2. Cholesterol in the blood |
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