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Aerobic exercise and resistance training with weights สามารถช่วยรักษาโรคใด
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3. Diabetes |
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Recent studies have begun using a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise to determine if additive benefits exist in which an ~3 mmHg reduction in blood pressure has been observed [17]. Although a similar reduction in blood pressure compared to either aerobic or resistance training alone, both aerobic and resistance exercise provide independent, modality specific benefits toward cardiovascular disease risk factors. In general, aerobic exercise induces greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardio-metabolic variables, whereas resistance exercise mainly effects muscular strength and has positive effects on body composition, such as muscle mass and bone density. |
Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is the number one leading risk factor for mortality [1]. However, hypertension is also one of the most significant modifiable risk factors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease [2]. With a prevalence of hypertension in the US population around 29% [3] and its predicted continual increase [4], it is a critical health concern to reduce hypertension and improve cardiovascular disease risk. Although pharmacological interventions are often relied on to reduce blood pressure, lifestyle modification is the first line of therapy suggested by several governing bodies [5–7]. |
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ผู้ป่วย ป่วยด้วยโรคแผลกระเพาะอาหาร อยากทราบวิธีรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
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5. ต้องตรวจละเอียดก่อนถึงจะบอกได้ |
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ต้องตรวจให้ละเอียดและให้แน่ชัดก่อนการรักษาใด เนื่องจากเราอาจจะรักษาผิดวิธีได้ |
ต้องตรวจให้ละเอียดและให้แน่ชัดก่อนการรักษาใด เนื่องจากเราอาจจะรักษาผิดวิธีได้ |
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กล้ามเนื้ออ่อนแรง อยากทราบว่าจะรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
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5. รักษาตามอาการ |
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ส่วนใหญ่จะเกิดจากเชื้อไวรัส ต้องให้การรักษาแบบตามอาการเช่น การให้ยาปฏิชีวนะ หรือาจให้ยาสเตีรรอยด์ ตามด้วยการให้การทำกายภาพบำบัดเพื่อฟู้นฟูสภาพกล้ามเนื้อ |
ส่วนใหญ่จะเกิดจากเชื้อไวรัส ต้องให้การรักษาแบบตามอาการเช่น การให้ยาปฏิชีวนะ หรือาจให้ยาสเตีรรอยด์ ตามด้วยการให้การทำกายภาพบำบัดเพื่อฟู้นฟูสภาพกล้ามเนื้อ |
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จงอ่านข้อมูลต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
Jame ขาหนีบบวม สัมผัสแล้วพบก้อนใต้ผิวหนังแต่ไม่ก่อให้เกิดอาการปวดแต่อย่างใด
• มีไข้
• น้ำหนักตัวลด
• เหงื่อออกตอนกลางคืน
• มีก้อนตามร่างกาย
การรักษา Jame ควรเป็นอย่างไร
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5. พิจารณาคีโม |
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เพื่อยับยั้งการรุกรานของเซลล์มะเร็ง หรือ อาจจะต้องมีการผ่านตัดเพื่อตัดเอาเซลล์มะเร็ง |
เพื่อยับยั้งการรุกรานของเซลล์มะเร็ง หรือ อาจจะต้องมีการผ่านตัดเพื่อตัดเอาเซลล์มะเร็ง |
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จงอ่านข้อความต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
A 47-year-old woman presents to her oncologist with the complaint of solid mass on right breast. During her workup, an ultrasound of her breast shows a 6-cm right ovarian mass.
อยากทราบว่าควรรักษาเคสนี้อย่างไร
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5. พิจารณาคีโม |
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เพื่อยับยั้งการรุกรานของเซลล์มะเร็ง หรือ อาจจะต้องมีการผ่านตัดเพื่อตัดเอาเซลล์มะเร็ง |
เพื่อยับยั้งการรุกรานของเซลล์มะเร็ง หรือ อาจจะต้องมีการผ่านตัดเพื่อตัดเอาเซลล์มะเร็ง |
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Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations substantially increase the risk of developing breast cancer (BC), accounting for approximately how many % of familial BC
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1. 25 to 30% |
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Application ของ The CRISPR-Cas9 system คือข้อใดต่อไปนี้
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1. cancer |
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Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology have been identified in the fields of basic and clinical research, therapeutics, drug development, agriculture, and the environment. Clinical research has shown potential utilization for CRISPR in such diseases as sickle cell disease, cancer, AIDS, Huntington’s disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and more. |
CRISPR Genome Editing Technology
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) genome editing is a revolutionary method in which a programmable RNA targets a nuclease (eg, Cas9) to a specific location in the genome.1,2 The speed, simplicity, and precision with which CRISPR-Cas9 technology enables genetic elements to be mutated, silenced, induced, or replaced has resulted in its widespread adoption in the global research community.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may be used at various stages of a genome editing workflow, from analyzing CRISPR off-target effects with whole-genome sequencing to confirming CRISPR knockouts and other edits with targeted sequencing. Follow-up studies can then be performed using applications such as methylation analysis and gene expression profiling with RNA sequencing, in order to assess the functional impact of a given gene edit. |
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DNA-PK dephosphorylation by the what protein activates DNA-PK. Loss of DNA-PK, both in vitro and in vivo, strongly attenuates both phosphorylation and acetylation of USF-1, leading to reduced activation of FAS gene and de novo lipogenesis
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4. phosphatase PP1 |
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DNA-PK dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase PP1 activates DNA-PK. Loss of DNA-PK, both in vitro and in vivo, strongly attenuates both phosphorylation and acetyla- tion of USF-1, leading to reduced activation of FAS gene and de novo lipogenesis |
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15384101.2021.1912889#:~:text=DNA%2DPK%20dephosphorylation%20by%20the,de%20novo%20lipogenesis%20%5B34%5D. (Taylor & Francis ) |
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The collection of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called ?
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1. epigenome |
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Epigenetics (also sometimes called epigenomics) is a field of study focused on changes in DNA that do not involve alterations to the underlying sequence. The DNA letters and the proteins that interact with DNA can have chemical modifications that change the degrees to which genes are turned on and off. Certain epigenetic modifications may be passed on from parent cell to daughter cell during cell division or from one generation to the next. The collection of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called an epigenome. |
Epigenetics. The DNA letters in a gene as well as the proteins that interact with set gene are not bare. Both are decorated with chemical modifications that regulate how, where, and when the gene is turned on and off. Epigenetics, also called epigenomics, studies how certain epigenetic modifications may be passed on from one generation to the next. The collection of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called an epigenome.
(national human genome research institute) |
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ผลของ DNA damage คือข้อใด
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3. triggering senescence |
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At the cellular level, damaged DNA that is not properly repaired can lead to genomic instability, apoptosis, or senescence, which can greatly affect the organism's development and ageing process. |
Organisms have evolved to efficiently respond to DNA insults that result from either endogenous sources (cellular metabolic processes) or exogenous sources (environmental factors). Endogenous sources of DNA damage include hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and mismatch of DNA bases; sources for exogenous DNA damage include ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and various chemicals agents. At the cellular level, damaged DNA that is not properly repaired can lead to genomic instability, apoptosis, or senescence, which can greatly affect the organism's development and ageing process. More importantly, loss of genomic integrity predisposes the organism to immunodeficiency, neurological disorders, and cancer (O'Driscoll and Jeggo, 2006; Subba Rao, 2007; Thoms et al, 2007). Therefore, it is essential for cells to efficiently respond to DNA damage through coordinated and integrated DNA-damage checkpoints and repair pathways.
(National Library Of Medicine) |
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ข้อใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ LRRK2 mutations
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1. determinant of PD |
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Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are recognized as the most common cause of genetic Parkinsonism to date. The G2019S mutation has been implicated as an important determinant of Parkinson's disease . |
Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are recognized as the most common cause of genetic Parkinsonism to date. The G2019S mutation has been implicated as an important determinant of Parkinson's disease (PD) in both Ashkenazi Jewish and North African Arab populations with carrier frequency of 29.7% among familial and 6% in sporadic Ashkenazi Jewish PD cases. PD patients with the G2019S mutation display similar clinical characteristics to patients with sporadic PD. While the function of the LRRK2 protein has yet to be fully determined, its distribution coincides with brain areas most affected by PD. The G2019S mutation is believed to be responsible for up-regulation of LRRK2 kinase activity, which may ultimately play a role in neuronal loss. The utility of LRRK2 G2019S screening in family members of Ashkenazi PD patients is discussed. LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers without PD may be an ideal population for the study of possible neuroprotective strategies as they become available, and for furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis and long-term clinical outcomes of the disease.
(National Library Of Medicine) |
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ข้อใดคือ Weathering process of plastic waste?
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5. ถูกทุกข้อ |
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Once plastic waste finds its way into the marine environment, various weathering processes lead to the generation of microplastic, release of chemical additives, and likely also production of nanoplastic and chemical fragments cleaved from the polymer backbone. However, weathering of plastic in the marine environment is not well understood in terms of time scales for fragmentation and degradation, the evolution of particle morphology and properties, and hazards of the chemical mixture liberated by weathering. Biofilms that form and grow on plastic affect weathering, vertical transport, toxicity, and uptake of plastic by marine organisms and have been underinvestigated. In a recent paper in Environmental Science & Technology Letters we discuss the need to close the knowledge gaps associated with the weathering processes of plastic degradation, in order to reduce the uncertainty in hazard and risk assessment of microplastic pollution |
Once plastic waste finds its way into the marine environment, various weathering processes lead to the generation of microplastic, release of chemical additives, and likely also production of nanoplastic and chemical fragments cleaved from the polymer backbone. However, weathering of plastic in the marine environment is not well understood in terms of time scales for fragmentation and degradation, the evolution of particle morphology and properties, and hazards of the chemical mixture liberated by weathering. Biofilms that form and grow on plastic affect weathering, vertical transport, toxicity, and uptake of plastic by marine organisms and have been underinvestigated. In a recent paper in Environmental Science & Technology Letters we discuss the need to close the knowledge gaps associated with the weathering processes of plastic degradation, in order to reduce the uncertainty in hazard and risk assessment of microplastic pollution
(AQUABIOTA) |
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RR of No relationship was identified between fruit juice intake and the risk of developing GDM คือเท่าใด
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2. RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91–1.04) |
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A total of 12 studies with 32,794 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of GDM (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.99). Whereas an increasing the consumption of vegetable, including all vegetable (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87–1.03), starchy vegetable (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.82–1.26), and fruit juice (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91–1.04) was not associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM. In a dose‒response analysis of eight studies, a 3% reduction in risk of GDM for a 100 g/d increase in fruit consumption (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99). |
Background
Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the conclusion is limited and conflicted. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and the risk of GDM.
Methods
To find relevant studies, we searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ovid, EBSCO, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP for the report on prospective cohort studies published from inception to April 8, 2022. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated using a random-effects model.
Results
A total of 12 studies with 32,794 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of GDM (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.99). Whereas an increasing the consumption of vegetable, including all vegetable (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87–1.03), starchy vegetable (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.82–1.26), and fruit juice (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91–1.04) was not associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM. In a dose‒response analysis of eight studies, a 3% reduction in risk of GDM for a 100 g/d increase in fruit consumption (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99).
Conclusions
The findings suggest that higher fruit consumption may reduce the risk of GDM, with a 3% reduction in the risk of GDM for every 100 g/d increase in fruit intake. Higher-quality prospective studies or randomized clinical trials are required to validate the effect of different variations of fruits, vegetables, and fruit juice consumption on the risk of GDM.
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จากบทความเรื่อง Climate change ข้อใดคือ Innovations on climate change mitigation
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1. storage technologies |
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Three innovation opportunities alone—direct air capture and storage, advanced batteries, and hydrogen electrolyzers—can deliver roughly 15 percent of cumulative emissions reductions between 2030 and 2050. |
Three innovation opportunities alone—direct air capture and storage, advanced batteries, and hydrogen electrolyzers—can deliver roughly 15 percent of cumulative emissions reductions between 2030 and 2050. |
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ข้อใดเป็น Environment ASF Risk Category
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1. pig density |
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Data ranging up to 2019 indicated that the density of pigs in small holdings keeping up to 10 pigs was a risk factor for ASF in wild boar |
A Review of Environmental Risk Factors for African Swine Fever in European Wild Boar
(National Library Of Medicine) |
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ข้อใดคือ DNA alterations.
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4. deletions |
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There are three types of DNA Mutations: base substitutions, deletions and insertions. |
http://www2.csudh.edu/nsturm/CHEMXL153/DNAMutationRepair.htm#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20types%20of,base%20substitutions%2C%20deletions%20and%20insertions.
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เราสามารถคำนวณ molar concentration of MPV จากอะไร
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4. the linear equation. |
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ข้อใดคือ models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains
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1. 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. |
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In contrast, models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains, with 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. |
In contrast, models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains, with 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. For P. falciparum, the mean RC value was 0.568 (95% CI: 0–1.97) for East Malaysia and 0.386 (95% CI: 0–2.04) for West Malaysia. The mean RC for P. vivax was 0.524 (95% CI: 0–2.436) and 0.230 (95%CI: 0, 1.820) for East and West Malaysia, respectively (Fig. 4). The probability of P. falciparum or P. vivax cases leading to onward transmission varied over space and time (Fig. 5). There were clear decreasing temporal trends in RC estimates for both nonzoonotic malaria species, with no RC values above 1 detected after 2018 when the last indigenous nonzoonotic malaria case was reported by the Malaysian Ministry of Health. Models clearly identified an outbreak of P. vivax reported in West Malaysia between 2016 and 2017, demonstrating the utility of these methods in pre-elimination settings |
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ข้อใดคือ a three-way interaction among species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right hemisphere (p = 0.35; Fig. 7a) compared to humans.
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3. (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) |
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A three-way interaction among species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right hemisphere (p = 0.35; Fig. 7a) compared to humans. |
The relative depth and surface area of PMC sulci largely differ between chimpanzees and humans
In terms of depth, an LME with predictors of sulcus, hemisphere, and species revealed three species-related findings. First, a main effect of species (F(1, 130) = 269.48, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.67) showed that human PMC sulci were relatively deeper than chimpanzees (Fig. 7a). Second, an interaction between species and sulcus (F(7, 1497) = 131.81, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.38) indicated more complex relationships at the individual-sulcus level. Post hoc analyses revealed three findings: i) the isms, pos, prculs-d, prcus-i, spls, and sspls-v were relatively deeper in humans than chimpanzees (ps < 0.003), ii) the mcgs was relatively deeper in chimpanzees than humans (p = 0.04), and iii) the pmcgs was comparably deep between species (p = 0.45; Fig. 7a). Third, a three-way interaction among species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right hemisphere (p = 0.35; Fig. 7a) compared to humans. |
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ยีนใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ cardiovascular protection.
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5. มีคำตอบถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
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BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The number of studies on non-cancer endpoints in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is still limited. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers may be at higher cardiovascular risk due to early menopause after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and/or due to the potential cardiotoxic effects of breast cancer treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Moreover, BRCA genes have a role as a gatekeeper in cardiac function and structure, which may affect susceptibility to cardiac damage. Our goal is to review current knowledge of cardiovascular risk among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. |
Cardiovascular risk of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: A review
BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The number of studies on non-cancer endpoints in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is still limited. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers may be at higher cardiovascular risk due to early menopause after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and/or due to the potential cardiotoxic effects of breast cancer treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Moreover, BRCA genes have a role as a gatekeeper in cardiac function and structure, which may affect susceptibility to cardiac damage. Our goal is to review current knowledge of cardiovascular risk among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. |
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