| 1 |
มีการสั่งยาให้เด็ก โดยมี 80 mg/kg/day 3 ครั้งต่อวัน เด็กน้ำหนัก 45 lbs และยามีความเข้มข้น 20 mg/ml จงคำนวณ dose ยาในหน่วย ml
|
2. 25 ml |
|
ประสิทธิภาพของการใช้ยารักษาโรคหรือภาวะผิดปกติในเด็ก นอกจากจะขึ้นอยู่กับการวินิจฉัยโรคที่ถูกต้องแม่นยำแล้ว การเลือกใช้ยาที่เหมาะสมกับโรคหรือภาวะของผู้ป่วย การใช้ยาอย่างสมเหตุสมผล โดยคำนึงถึงเภสัชวิทยา ขนาดยา พิษและผลข้างเคียงของยาที่ใช้ |
Analgesic/Antipyretic drug (ยาลดไข้) เช่น Paracetamol
Paracetamol syrup (120, 125 mg/5 ml)
ขนาดยาที่แนะนำ : 10-15 mg/kg/dose ทุก 4-6 ชั่วโมง
ผลข้างเคียง : ผื่นคันบริเวณผิวหนัง เกิดลมพิษ บวมบริเวณใบหน้า ริมฝีปาก
ข้อควรระวัง/คำแนะนำ : ควรระวังในผู้ป่วยโรคตับ โรคไต โรคลมชัก |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
หมอต้องการให้ nitroglycerin (IV) โดยใช้สูตร
(0.1 mg/min)/(75 mg) x 500mL = 0.66 mL/min
(0.66 mL)/minute x 60minute/hour = 40 mL/hour
อยากทราบว่าข้อใดไม่เกี่ยว
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Although solid dose formulations are one of the most established dosage forms in pharmaceuticals, the path to market can still be blocked by critical obstacles such as API stability, release kinetics, and bioavailability limitations |
Antioxidants and preservatives
Binders and fillers
Coatings and supporting material
Disintegrants
Lubricants and glidants
pH adjusters
Surfactants and stabilizers
Taste modifiers |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
หมอต้องการสั่งยา bretylium 10 mcg/kg/min โดยยามาในรูปแบบ 75 mg ใน 0.9% normal saline น้ำหนักผู้ป่วยคือ 200 lbs จงหาอัตราเร็วในการให้ยา
|
2. 0.7 mL/minute |
|
ในชีวิตประจำวันจะพบว่ามีการตรวจระดับยาในเลือดอยู่หลายชนิด เช่น การตรวจหาระดับยากันชักในเลือด (phenytoin) หรือ การตรวจหาระดับยากดภูมิต้านทานกลุ่ม cyclosporins ในเลือด แต่ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นก็คือส่วนใหญ่ไม่มีความรู้ความเข้าใจว่า การตรวจระดับยาในเลือดมีประโยชน์อย่างไร และเป็นส่วนประกอบที่สำคัญในการดูแลผู้ป่วยกรณีอื่นๆ |
ระหว่างผลการตรวจเลือดและประวัติจากการกิน น่าจะเป็นไปได้ว่าผู้ป่วยได้รับยามากกว่าขนาดที่แจ้งให้แพทย์ทราบ ในทางกลับกันถ้าผลการคำนวณมากกว่าขนาดที่กินมากๆ ก็อาจเป็นได้หลายกรณีคือ กินมาขนาดน้อยกว่า ที่แจ้ง กินร่วมสารอื่นๆ หรืออาหารทำให้มีการดูดซึมสารนั้นได้ช้าลงทำให้ระดับสูงสุดของยาไม่ได้อยู่ที่ 4 ชั่วโมง และที่สำคัญที่สุดคือ กราฟที่เราใช้อ้างอิงสำหรับภาวะการเกิดพิษของยา acetaminophen นี้ต้องเกิดจากการกินยาชนิดเดียวและเกินขนาดครั้งเดียว ไม่สามารถนำมาแปลผลได้ถ้าผู้ป่วยได้รับยาหลายชนิด และหรือกินมาเกินขนาดอย่างเรื้อรัง |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
ต้องการสั่งยา amoxicillin syrup สำหรับเด็ก 3 ขวบ ที่เป็น UTI โดยที่ dose ที่สั่ง แบ่งเป็น 3 dose/day โดย stock มาในรูปแบบ 600 mg/5ml จงคำนวณ dose ใน ml
|
1. 1.8 mL |
|
Although solid dose formulations are one of the most established dosage forms in pharmaceuticals, the path to market can still be blocked by critical obstacles such as API stability, release kinetics, and bioavailability limitations |
Antioxidants and preservatives
Binders and fillers
Coatings and supporting material
Disintegrants
Lubricants and glidants
pH adjusters
Surfactants and stabilizers
Taste modifiers |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
หากต้องการให้ยาเด็กอายุ 12 ปี โดยมีน้ำหนัก 90 lbs โดยต้องสั่งยา 4 mg/kg จงคำนวณปริมาณ mg
|
4. 164 mg. |
|
Although solid dose formulations are one of the most established dosage forms in pharmaceuticals, the path to market can still be blocked by critical obstacles such as API stability, release kinetics, and bioavailability limitations |
Antioxidants and preservatives
Binders and fillers
Coatings and supporting material
Disintegrants
Lubricants and glidants
pH adjusters
Surfactants and stabilizers
Taste modifiers |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
จงยกตัวอย่าง Math model ที่ใช้ใน Epidemiology
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. |
Non-infectious diseases: Localized or widespread rise in a particular type of cancer; ...
Infectious diseases: Foodborne illness; Influenza and pneumonia
Injuries: Increased homicides in a community; National surge in domestic violence
Environmental exposures: Lead and heavy metals; Air pollutants and other asthma |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
ข้อใดไม่ใช่ Math model สามารถนำมาประยุกต์ใช้ใน Prediction planning and evaluation of preventive ได้
|
5. ผิดมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
The best fight is the one you avoid. UAB Medicine understands that predicting and preventing disease are just as important as treating it, so our Precision Medicine program begins with understanding you. We evaluate individual characteristics, from family and medical history to lifestyle and environmental factors, to assess your risk for a range of diseases and conditions. Depending on your medical condition and individual preferences, we also offer the most advanced genomic testing and disease screening, providing a higher level of knowledge and accuracy that we can use to predict – and protect – your health. |
Preconception and Prenatal Screenings: We provide the latest in preconception screening and non-invasive prenatal testing for a variety of genetic and developmental disorders. We have established a network of counseling services and other resources to help our patients understand the results and make the most informed medical decisions possible.
Cancer Screening and Prevention: UAB is a regional and national leader in the use of genetic testing, combined with a comprehensive family, personal, and environmental history, to evaluate your risk for certain types of cancer and develop the most effective prevention plan. One of our most advanced efforts in this area is the Lynne Cohen Preventive Care Program for Women’s Cancer, which provides complete risk assessment services for breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. The program merges expertise in multiple medical specialties with pioneering clinical research to create one of only a few programs in the nation dedicated to women’s cancers. Comprehensive risk assessment services are also available for colon cancer and many other types of common and rare malignancies.
Memory Disorders: UAB Precision Medicine offers an extensive series of tests and personal evaluations designed to assess and address your individual risk factors for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. We couple this testing with counseling services to help you understand the results and make the most informed decisions regarding any potential interventions.
General Genomic Assessment and Screening: It is now possible to test an individual for risk of a number of treatable genetic conditions, and also to assess overall risk of some common conditions. UAB’s Genomic Medicine Clinic offers various approaches to genomic assessment, including sequencing of the entire genome. We also can provide an overview of how a person will respond to various medications, enabling his/her health providers to prescribe the right dose of the right medication when treatment is needed.
Population Genomic Screening: UAB has pioneered a program to provide screening for treatable medical conditions through the Alabama Genomic Health Initiative (AGHI). We also are involved in the national All of Us Research Program, which is part of the federal Precision Medicine Initiative. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
Math model ที่ไม่สามารถนำมาใช้ใน Control measures ของโรคติดต่อคือ
|
5. ไม่มีข้อผิด |
|
actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard |
the control measure could be to remove the hazard or to reduce the likelihood of the risk of the exposure to that hazard being realised. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
Math model ที่ใช้ในการวินิจฉัยหรือรักษาโรคมะเร็ง ข้อใดผิด
|
1. The deterministic models and The stochastic models |
|
Introducing a new drug to the market is an extensive and intricate process. Development, testing, and registrations take years to complete, yet you must be ready for quick market launch by expediting approvals and maintaining reliable manufacturing processes at every step. Now you can confidently speed your way through the regulatory maze and fast track your new drug to market, with the Emprove |
Material Qualification Dossier
Quality Management Dossier
Operational Excellence Dossier |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
ข้อใดไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Math models for medical decision-making
|
5. ไม่มีข้อผิด |
|
Diagnosis in healthcare is among the most important processes since the protocol for patient treatment depends on this step. Even more, health research and policy draw on this area for their validity. For instance, payment policy, allocation of financial and other resources, and research focus are determined largely by diagnoses. |
The importance of diagnosis in patient care is dependent on its accuracy, reliability, and timeliness, all of which make key contributions to the health outcome. The importance of diagnosis is only highlighted in the case of infectious disease since undiagnosed patients can spread the infection to others. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
ข้อใดไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Math model ที่ใช้ในการวางยาสลบในการผ่าตัด
|
5. ไม่มีข้อผิด |
|
Here is a realistic, and potentially important, application of a familiar topic from calculus. Imagine a hospital patient about to undergo surgery. Suppose he has 5 liters (L) of blood in his body, 40% of which consists of red blood cells (this percentage is called the hematocrit), and, during the surgery, he will bleed 2% liters of blood. This is a realistic estimate for certain types of hip replacement, for example. His blood volume is maintained at 5 L by controlled injection of saline solution (no blood cells), which we assume to mix instantaneously with his blood. This means that the blood lost through bleeding becomes less rich in red cells as the operation progresses. |
Healthy diet & exercise (promotes flow of energy & nutrition)
Drinking fluids (water & electrolytes like lemon juice, diluted vinegar eg. in pickles, salad dressings, sauces, soups, shrubs cocktail)
Surgery (lithotomy)
Medication / Antibiotics
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for removal of calculi |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
ข้อใดไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Math model ในการคำนวณ human motion เพื่อใช้ใน physical therapy
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Physical therapy, also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions. It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination |
In addition to clinical practice, other aspects of physical therapist practice include research, education, consultation, and health administration. Physical therapy is provided as a primary care treatment or alongside, or in conjunction with, other medical services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, physical therapists have the authority to prescribe medication |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
ข้อใดไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Mathematical Models กับ COVID-19
|
5. Bayesian techniques |
|
Although solid dose formulations are one of the most established dosage forms in pharmaceuticals, the path to market can still be blocked by critical obstacles such as API stability |
Antioxidants and preservatives
Binders and fillers
Coatings and supporting material
Disintegrants
Lubricants and glidants
pH adjusters
Surfactants and stabilizers
Taste modifiers |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
ข้อใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ math model มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับโรค stroke
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Physical therapy, also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions. It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination |
In addition to clinical practice, other aspects of physical therapist practice include research, education, consultation, and health administration. Physical therapy is provided as a primary care treatment or alongside, or in conjunction with, other medical services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, physical therapists have the authority to prescribe medication |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
ข้อใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ Mathematical Models และ vaccine เพื่อรักษาโรคติดต่อ
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Although solid dose formulations are one of the most established dosage forms in pharmaceuticals, the path to market can still be blocked by critical obstacles such as API stability |
Antioxidants and preservatives
Binders and fillers
Coatings and supporting material
Disintegrants
Lubricants and glidants
pH adjusters
Surfactants and stabilizers
Taste modifiers |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
จากบทความ (ศึกษาได้จากตามขอบเขตรายวิชา)
ข้อใดเกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้ Noyers whiter equation ในบทความนี้
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Calculus is often employed in the field of pharmacology to determine the best dosage forms that provide a steady rate of dissolution of the administered drug. In many cases, a tablet that is taken passes into the aqueous solution of the stomach where it slowly dissolves.
Dosage forms must tighly regulated and controlled, because the rate of dissolution for each drug is different.If a drug is supplied in a form that dissolves too quickly or dissolves too slow it may yeild a toxic or ineffective effect on a patient. Thus medicine must meet the compliance of a theraputic range which is effective, safe, and provides for a long period of realease as opposed to immediate release which have sharp peaks and drops in the blood concentration.
The Noyes–Whitney is used to determine the dosage rates of varying dosage form: |
represents the dossage rate
A is the surface area of the solid.
C is the concentration of the solid in the bulk dissolution medium.
Cs is the concentration of the solid in the diffusion layer surrounding the solid.
D is the diffusion coefficient
L is the diffusion layer thickness.
The Noyes-Whitney equation essentialy represents a surfance area problem. The rate of dissolution of compound is dependent on its surface area. An adjustment to the surface area exposed to the outer basic or acidic enviroment will change the bioavailability of the compound in the patients circulatory system. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
ข้อใดไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับ math model ที่ใช้ใน reconstruction of cardiac tissue
|
5. ผิดมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
Adipose tissue is often a key structure to restore in reconstructive and augmentative surgeries. Current materials for soft tissue reconstruction or augmentation suffer from shortcomings such as suboptimal volume retention, donor site morbidity, and poor biocompatibility. A series of experiments are presented here to describe our stem cell–based approach to engineering human adipose tissue with predefined shape and dimensions. These findings indicate the real possibility that biologically viable adipose tissue can be engineered by taking a teaspoon full of tissue fluid containing the patient's adult stem cells, expanding them, differentiating them into adipogenic cells, and encapsulating them into appropriate biocompatible polymer materials. The end result is anticipated to be minimal donor site trauma related to needle size, immune compatibility because the patient's own stem cells are used, and long-term volume maintenance because stem cells are capable of replenishing adipogenic cells to retain the predefined shape and dimensions of the engineered soft tissue. Upcoming challenges include long-term volume maintenance, tissue maturation, angiogenesis, scaling up, and host tissue integration. Conceptually, stem cell–derived soft tissue grafts are realizable in plastic and reconstructive surgical procedures. |
Stem cells, soft tissue, adipose tissue, tissue engineering, adipogenic |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 18 |
จงอธิบายเกี่ยวกับ risk estimator
|
1. health impact assessment of air pollution |
|
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare |
Non-infectious diseases: Localized or widespread rise in a particular type of cancer; ...
Infectious diseases: Foodborne illness; Influenza and pneumonia
Injuries: Increased homicides in a community; National surge in domestic violence
Environmental exposures: Lead and heavy metals; Air pollutants and other asthma |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 19 |
ข้อใดไม่ใช่คือ limitation ของ Math model
|
1. represent real-world systems in terms of mathematical relationships |
|
Diagnosis is the endpoint of a complex process centered on a patient, collaborating with both the patient and other sources |
The importance of diagnosis in patient care is dependent on its accuracy, reliability, and timeliness, all of which make key contributions to the health outcome. The importance of diagnosis is only highlighted in the case of infectious disease since undiagnosed patients can spread the infection to others.
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
ข้อใดคือ Math model ใน RETURN TO ISSUEPREVARTICLENEXT
|
5. ถูกมากกว่า 1 ข้อ |
|
The graphical display of data is among the most powerful tools available for communicating |
What are the study's limitations? ...
Does this apply to my patient? ...
Is my patient sufficiently similar to the patients in the studies examined? ...
Does the treatment have a clinically relevant benefit that outweighs the harms? |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|