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Aerobic exercise and resistance training with weights สามารถช่วยรักษาโรคใด
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5. epicardial adipose tissue |
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สามารถขจัดไขมันในเส้นเลือดไม่ทำให้หลอดเลือดอุดตันได้ |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4278038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252363/ |
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ผู้ป่วย ป่วยด้วยโรคแผลกระเพาะอาหาร อยากทราบวิธีรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
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5. ต้องตรวจละเอียดก่อนถึงจะบอกได้ |
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เนื่องจากการี่เป็นแผลในกระเพาะอาหาร สมารถเกิดได้จากหลายสาเหตุและปัจจัย เช่น ไวรัส แบคทีเรีย เป็นต้น จึวทำให้มีตัวเลือกในการรักษาเยียวยาที่แตกต่างออกไป เช่น simple medications or antibiotics |
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/stomach-ulcer#:~:text=Stomach%20ulcers%20(gastric%20ulcers)%20are,are%20sometimes%20called%20peptic%20ulcers.
https://www.healthline.com/health/stomach-ulcer
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กล้ามเนื้ออ่อนแรง อยากทราบว่าจะรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
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2. เจาะไขสันหลัง |
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การเจาะน้ำไขสันหลัง เป็นการทำเพื่อวินิจฉัยเกี่ยวกับภายในของระบบประสาทส่วนกลางที่ส่งผลต่อ peripheral nervous system |
https://www.petcharavejhospital.com/th/Article/article_detail/ALS_detail
https://www.sikarin.com/health/als-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354027 |
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จงอ่านข้อมูลต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
Jame ขาหนีบบวม สัมผัสแล้วพบก้อนใต้ผิวหนังแต่ไม่ก่อให้เกิดอาการปวดแต่อย่างใด
• มีไข้
• น้ำหนักตัวลด
• เหงื่อออกตอนกลางคืน
• มีก้อนตามร่างกาย
การรักษา Jame ควรเป็นอย่างไร
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4. ให้ยาไทรอยด์ |
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เนื่องจากไทรอยด์เป็นหนึ่งในส่วนสำคัญของ lymphatic system |
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/lymphatic-system
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470452/#:~:text=Lymphatic%20drainage%20of%20the%20thyroid,and%20the%20inferior%20lateral%20lobes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC382549/ |
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จงอ่านข้อความต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
A 47-year-old woman presents to her oncologist with the complaint of solid mass on right breast. During her workup, an ultrasound of her breast shows a 6-cm right ovarian mass.
อยากทราบว่าควรรักษาเคสนี้อย่างไร
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2. เจาะไขสันหลัง |
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เจาะไขสันหลังเพื่อนำไปวินิจฉัยเพิ่มเติม ส่วนใหญ่เปนการนำก้อนเนื้อชิ้นนั้นนำไปตรวจ |
ayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352470#:~:text=Breast%20cancer%20is%20cancer%20that,far%20more%20common%20in%20women.
https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/ovarian-masses-and-tumors#:~:text=What%20Are%20Ovarian%20Masses%20and,young%20women%20are%20not%20cancerous.
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Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations substantially increase the risk of developing breast cancer (BC), accounting for approximately how many % of familial BC
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2. 25 to 39% |
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https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet |
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Application ของ The CRISPR-Cas9 system คือข้อใดต่อไปนี้
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5. ถูกทุกข้อ |
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The crispr cas 9 is involved in many dna disease or could be the barrier or immune system in microbiology level to |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.00056/full#:~:text=The%20CRISPR%2DCas9%20system%20has,diseases%20and%20detection%20of%20pathogens.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9245484/ |
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DNA-PK dephosphorylation by the what protein activates DNA-PK. Loss of DNA-PK, both in vitro and in vivo, strongly attenuates both phosphorylation and acetylation of USF-1, leading to reduced activation of FAS gene and de novo lipogenesis
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4. phosphatase PP1 |
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USF functions as a molecular switch by recruiting various interacting proteins during the fasting/feeding transition. During feeding/insulin, USF-1 recruits and is phosphorylated by DNA-PK, which is dephosphorylated/activated by PP1 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768498/ |
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The collection of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called ?
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1. epigenome |
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เนื่องจาก epigenome เปนตัสที่จะขับเคลื่อนการดำเนินงานของ epigenetics |
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Epigenome#:~:text=%E2%80%8BEpigenome&text=The%20term%20epigenome%20is%20derived,cells%20have%20different%20epigenetic%20marks. |
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ผลของ DNA damage คือข้อใด
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5. ทั้งหมดที่กล่าวมา |
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ทั้ง4อย่างล้วนแล้วแต่เกี่ยวเนืีองกับ dna sequence และการเแสดงยีนรวมไปถึงการแสดงออกทางพันธุกรรมทั้งสิ้น |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2474726/#:~:text=DNA%20damage%20is%20defined%20as,replication%20(1%2C%209).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2262034/#:~:text=Endogenous%20sources%20of%20DNA%20damage,radiation%2C%20and%20various%20chemicals%20agents. |
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ข้อใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ LRRK2 mutations
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1. determinant of PD |
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RRK2 mutations are considered a major genetic determinant of PD, with incomplete penetrance. Other genetic or environmental factors likely modulate LRRK2 expression or its effect on PD pathophysiology (Fig 2, Table S1). The overall PD penetrance in LRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation carriers can vary between different populations.69 The age-specific penetrance of PD among LRRK2 mutation carriers has been estimated to be 36%, 59%, and 80% at 59, 69, and 79 years of age, respectively.70 The cumulative incidence of LRRK2 Arg1441Cys was found to be the least penetrant, with a median AAO of 71 years, whereas LRRK2 Asn1437His the most highly penetrant, with a median AAO of 46 years.69 Additional studies found a “sex effect” in the prevalence of LRRK2-associated PD,71-74 whereas others have reported similar PD penetrance in male and female patients carrying LRRK2 mutations |
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ana.26467 |
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ข้อใดคือ Weathering process of plastic waste?
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5. ถูกทุกข้อ |
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เนื่องจาก wethering process สามารถเปนตัวที่มีการไปได้หลายรูปแบบ |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722069807 |
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RR of No relationship was identified between fruit juice intake and the risk of developing GDM คือเท่าใด
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2. RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91–1.04) |
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In four studies, 1,598 people with GDM outcomes and 23,177 participants showed an association between fruit juice intake and the risk of GDM [9, 30, 31, 40]. No relationship was identified between fruit juice intake and the risk of developing GDM (RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91–1.04). Low heterogeneity was detected among studies (P = 0.23, I2 = 29.8%) (Fig. 2; Table 2). There was no linear relationship between each 100 ml/day increase in fruit juice consumption and the risk of GDM based on a dose‒response analysis (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97–1.08; see online supplementary materials, Figure |
https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-023-00855-8 |
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จากบทความเรื่อง Climate change ข้อใดคือ Innovations on climate change mitigation
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4. low-carbon technologies |
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Mitigation is often perceived as a public good with little to no market value other than the direct sale of energy technologies or services, with a business model focused on fuel substitution or pushing low-carbon alternates to take the place of fossil-fuel systems |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497222001596
https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-area/environment/climate-change-science/climate-change-mitigation-pathways_en |
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ข้อใดเป็น Environment ASF Risk Category
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1. pig density |
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The identified potential and observation-based ASF risk factors were counted and plotted as bar graphs for each assigned risk category. For observation-based risk factors, the examined pig type could be extracted from the literature and thus considered for the enumeration of risk factors in each category. Depending on the literature reports, this meant that the same risk factor may have been counted several times in each risk category; here, risk factors were counted once at most in association with each considered pig type. |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9611626/ |
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ข้อใดคือ DNA alterations.
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4. deletions |
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A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene. Small deletions remove one or a few nucleotides within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes. The deleted DNA may alter the function of the affected protein or proteins. |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-35092-w
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10725-8
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/possiblemutations/#:~:text=A%20deletion%20changes%20the%20DNA,the%20affected%20protein%20or%20proteins. |
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เราสามารถคำนวณ molar concentration of MPV จากอะไร
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1. the regression equation. |
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Molnupiravir is a new drug for COVID 19, structure shown in (Fig. 1). Being a prodrug with an ester functional group, it gets metabolized to NHC, which gets phosphorylated in the cells to form the pharmacologically active form23. It is essential to investigate MPV stability under stress conditions, how the drug molecule can be altered in thermal, acidic, basic, and oxidative conditions, and the different degradation kinetics. Moreover, in our research, we aimed to further invest in UV spectrophotometric technique to determine the MPV selectively in the presence of its degradation products by measuring MPV absorbance at 270 nm, where the degradation products show nil absorption, as shown in |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-34537-6 |
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ข้อใดคือ models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains
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1. 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. |
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In contrast, models for nonzoonotic malaria identified evidence for clear indigenous human-mosquito-human transmission chains, with 17% of P. falciparum cases and 24% of P. vivax cases with estimated RC values greater than 1 from 2012 to 2020. For P. falciparum, the mean RC value was 0.568 (95% CI: 0–1.97) for East Malaysia and 0.386 (95% CI: 0–2.04) for West Malaysia. The mean RC for P. vivax was 0.524 (95% CI: 0–2.436) and 0.230 (95%CI: 0, 1.820) for East and West Malaysia, respectively (Fig. 4). The probability of P. falciparum or P. vivax cases leading to onward transmission varied over space and time (Fig. 5). There were clear decreasing temporal trends in RC estimates for both nonzoonotic malaria species, with no RC values above 1 detected after 2018 when the last indigenous nonzoonotic malaria case was reported by the Malaysian Ministry of Health. Models clearly identified an outbreak of P. vivax reported in West Malaysia between 2016 and 2017, demonstrating the utility of these methods in pre-elimination settings |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38476-8 |
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ข้อใดคือ a three-way interaction among species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right hemisphere (p = 0.35; Fig. 7a) compared to humans.
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3. (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) |
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Third, a three-way interaction among species, sulcus, and hemisphere (F(7, 1497) = 2.43, p = 0.01, η2 = 0.01) showed that the mcgs was deeper in chimpanzees in the left hemisphere (p = 0.04), but comparably deep in the right hemisphere |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04953-5 |
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ยีนใดเกี่ยวข้องกับ cardiovascular protection.
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1. Tp53 |
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tp 53 mutation detected in circulating exosomal dna associated with prognosis of patients |
https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-023-01002-3
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tp53/ |
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