| 1 |
What is the primary goal of using multimodal transportation in logistics as per the discussed research?
|
To minimize transportation costs and risks while delivering on time. |
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The main point of combining different transit types is to cut down shipping expenses and safety hazards while keeping shipments on schedule
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Guided by supply chain logistics optimization and risk mitigation principles.
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| 2 |
Which method is primarily used for decision-making in multimodal transportation route selection?
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A combination of AHP and ZOGP. |
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The model mixes AHP to figure out what criteria matter most and ZOGP to actually solve and select the perfect shipping route.
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Based on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and mathematical optimization structures.
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| 3 |
According to the case study, what is the primary commodity considered for transportation?
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Perishable food items. |
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This specific study looks at fresh foods that spoil fast, which means they need quick transport and tight temperature control.
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Relying on cold chain management guidelines and agricultural product logistics.
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| 4 |
What is the role of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the multimodal transportation decision support model?
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To establish weights for different criteria based on expert judgment. |
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AHP is used here to turn expert opinions into solid percentage weights so the decision criteria stay realistic.
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Grounded in the Analytic Hierarchy Process matrix calculation standards.
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| 5 |
Which risk is NOT considered in the list of risks assessed for multimodal transportation route selection?
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Health risk. |
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The evaluation strictly covers transport logistics factors like financial, legal, security, and cargo damage issues, completely leaving health elements out of the equation.
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Guided by industrial risk modeling and freight transportation management frameworks.
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| 6 |
What does ZOGP stand for, and what is its role in the model?
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Zero-One Goal Programming - It's used to solve the optimal route selection problem. |
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ZOGP acts as the primary optimization tool in this study, choosing the absolute best transit routes based on binary decisions under specific resource constraints.
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Relying on multi-objective optimization models and operations research methodologies.
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| 7 |
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transport discussed in the multimodal transportation case study?
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Air. |
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The case study looks closely at combinations of rail, sea, and road transport networks, skipping air freight entirely for this specific cargo scenario.
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Adhering to the defined intermodal transportation infrastructure limits within the study.
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| 8 |
In the context of the AHP used in the study, what does a consistency ratio (CR) less than 0.1 indicate?
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The judgments are sufficiently consistent. |
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A consistency ratio under the 0.1 benchmark confirms that the expert evaluations are logical, uniform, and stable enough to proceed with the weightings.
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Based on Saaty's standard consistency verification requirements in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
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| 9 |
What is the primary purpose of sensitivity analysis in the context of the ZOGP model used in the study?
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To check the robustness of the model's outcomes against changes in input parameters. |
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Sensitivity analysis is used to test if the chosen route remains optimal even when input values, like costs or risk probabilities, fluctuate.
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Grounded in parametric stability evaluation and robust decision support system auditing.
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| 10 |
Which of the following best describes the role of multimodal transportation in global trade according to the study?
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It is essential for making local industry and international trade more efficient and competitive. |
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Combining different transit types lowers operational hurdles, making global logistics smoother and boosting local businesses globally.
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Grounded in global supply chain integration and macro-economic competitiveness theory.
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| 11 |
What is the main natural cause of landslides along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?
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Prolonged precipitation |
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Non-stop, heavy rainfall over days heavily saturates the mountain slopes along this highway, triggering massive landslides.
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According to hydro-meteorological hazard analysis and slope stability physics.
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| 12 |
According to the article, what technology is used to assess landslide-prone areas along the highway?
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Remote sensing and ARIMA modeling |
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The researchers used satellite remote sensing data to map the terrain changes and used ARIMA math models to predict future landslide trends.
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Relying on GIS spatial analysis and time-series statistical forecasting methodologies.
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| 13 |
What is the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and underground water level mentioned in the study?
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Inversely proportional |
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Higher ground temperatures bake out surface moisture, while lower water tables generally match up with these dry, hot surface periods.
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Based on environmental physics and correlation analysis between LST and groundwater levels.
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| 14 |
How is the threshold value for landslide triggering determined as per the study?
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Using field surveys and geotechnical parameters |
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The exact sliding limits are calculated using actual measurements from soil tests, slope angles, and rock physics in the field.
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Guided by soil mechanics and empirical slope engineering threshold standards.
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| 15 |
If the mean monthly rainfall in April is 150 mm and it increases by 20% in May, what is the mean monthly rainfall in May?
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180 mm |
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A 20% increase on 150 mm is calculated as 150×1.20=180 mm, which gives the new mean rainfall level for the month.
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Basic percentage arithmetic equation: New Value=Base Value×(1+Percentage Increase).
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| 16 |
Given that the slope angle in a studied section is 45 degrees and the friction angle (phi) is 11 degrees, what is the ratio of friction angle to slope angle?
|
0.24 |
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The ratio is calculated by dividing the friction angle by the slope angle:
45
11
≈0.244, which rounds down perfectly to 0.24.
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Basic geometric ratio calculation equation: Ratio= Slope Angle/Friction Angle
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| 17 |
If the specific gravity of soil is 2.74 and the natural density is 1.69 kg/cm³, what is the approximate weight of 1 cubic meter of soil?
|
1690 kg |
|
The natural density is given directly as 1.69 kg/cm
3
. Since 1 cm
3
equals 10
−6
m
3
, a full cubic meter weighs exactly 1.69×10 ^3
=1690 kg. The specific gravity value is extra data.
|
Geotechnical conversion equation: Weight per m ^3
=Density in g/cm ^3
×1000.
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| 18 |
Assuming that the direct shear of soil is 0.05 kg/cm², how much shear force is exerted on a 10 cm x 10 cm area?
|
5 kg |
|
The total area is 10 cm×10 cm=100 cm
2
. Multiplying this area by the direct shear strength gives the total force: 0.05 kg/cm
2
×100 cm ^2
=5 kg.
|
Fundamental shear physics equation: Force=Shear Stress×Area.
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| 19 |
If the rate of land surface temperature change is 0.1°C per year starting at 24.94°C in 2020, what will be the LST in 2024?
|
25.34°C |
|
The time span from 2020 to 2024 is exactly 4 years. The total increase is 4 years×0.1
∘
C/year=0.4
∘
C. Adding this to the baseline gives 24.94
∘
C+0.4
∘
C=25.34 C
|
Linear trend equation: LST
2024
=LST 2020 +(Rate×Δt).
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| 20 |
What method does the study use to forecast future landslides?
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ARIMA and SPSS Forecasting Model |
|
The study relies on mathematical time-series modeling using ARIMA trends and SPSS software package tools to reliably forecast landslide events.
|
Standard predictive geostatistics and computer-aided data forecasting frameworks.
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