| 1 |
According to the article, which factor most strongly motivates the increasing use of artificial intelligence in mental health care?
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2. Shortage of trained mental health professionals and unequal access to care |
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คนในพื้นที่ชนบทนั้นก็จะด้อยโอกาสเรื่องการเข้าถึงการรักษาต่างๆ โดยเฉพาะเรื่องสุขภาพจิต
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| 2 |
Which application of AI in mental health is primarily described as using passive data from smartphones and wearable devices?
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2. Digital phenotyping |
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The system collects passive data from smartphones such as sleep patterns, phone usage without the person needing to fill surveys or see doctors
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Digital phenotyping is the theory where human behavior can be inferred from, digital traces
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| 3 |
What is a major methodological limitation of many AI-based mental health studies identified by the authors?
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3. 3. Small, homogeneous datasets that limit generalizability of qualitative research methods |
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If AI is trained on narrow data it becomes good at predicting one group only not real patients in general.
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Statistical learning theory: AI minimizes errors on training data not necessarily on new data
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| 4 |
Why is data privacy a particularly critical concern in AI-driven mental health applications?
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3. Mental health data are highly sensitive and risk misuse or stigma |
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Mental health data are extremely sensitive, risks of re identification, passive and continuous data collection
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Data protection: sensitive personal data requires high levels of consent, security
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| 5 |
According to the article, how should AI systems ideally function within mental health care?
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3. As supportive tools that augment clinical decision-making |
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AI should assist doctors by identifying patterns risks, Early detection and monitoring, personalization of care
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Human in the loop model: AI should support human decision making
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| 6 |
What is the primary source of algorithmic bias in AI mental health tools discussed in the article?
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3. Biased or unrepresentative training data |
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Some people may not believe in AI for taking care of their mental health
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| 7 |
Which future direction is most strongly recommended by the authors for advancing AI in mental health?
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2. Increasing transparency and explainability of AI models |
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AI to advance safely and effectively must be transparent and explainable so doctors can trust AI, can be used in real life meantql health care
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XAI: AI systems must produce outputs that are understandable to humans
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| 8 |
Why do the authors caution against overinterpreting AI-based mental health predictions as definitive diagnoses?
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3. Predictions may not capture clinical context and individual variability |
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AI can’t capture or gets confused by feelings or environment in different cultures and festivals
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| 9 |
How might AI unintentionally widen mental health disparities, according to the article?
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2. By relying on data primarily from high-income populations |
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Many AI mental health systems are trained on datasets drawn mainly from high income countries making models preform better for rich
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Algorithmic Bias: AI inherit and amplify biases present in their training data
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| 10 |
Which statement best reflects the authors’ overall conclusion regarding AI in mental health?
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3. AI offers significant potential but requires careful, ethical integration |
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AI has strong potential to improve mental health care such as early detection, personalized support but AI must be used as a tool not replace doctors
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HCAI: AI should be designed to enhance humans not replace them. Humans retain control, judgement and responsibility
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| 11 |
What is the primary function of mRNA in respiratory virus mRNA vaccines?
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2. To instruct host cells to produce viral antigens |
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MRNA doesn’t neutralize virus directly. Synthetic mRNA delivered into the body will tell the hosts cells what protein to make so the immune system can defend against virus
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Central dogma of molecular biology: explains why mRNA don’t alter DNA and don’t act directly on virus
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| 12 |
Why is antigen design a critical step in mRNA vaccine development?
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2. It affects the immune system’s ability to recognize and respond to the virus |
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Antihero designs determine which protein the mRNA intrustcs cells to produce. The immune system can identify virus accurately
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Antigen Antibody recognition: the immune system responds specifically to antigens, only correct structure antigen can bind B cell T cell receptors
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| 13 |
Why are lipid nanoparticles essential in mRNA vaccine formulations?
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3. They protect mRNA and facilitate cellular uptake |
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mRNA is unstable and easily degraded in the body. LNPs are essentially because they shield mRNA from enzymatic degradation and stop efficient delivery into host cells
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DDS: unstable bio molecules like mRNA need protective carriers like Lipid nanoparticles.
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| 14 |
Which immune response is directly activated when host cells express antigens encoded by mRNA vaccines?
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3. Adaptive immunity involving T and B cells |
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mRNA vaccines directly activate adaptive immunity by stimulating Tcell Bcell response
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Adaptive immune response : the immune system recognizes specific antigens, Tcell Bcell are activated
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| 15 |
What is a key objective of clinical studies for respiratory virus mRNA vaccines?
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2. To confirm immunogenicity and safety in humans |
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They’re designed to determine whether vaccine Elicts a strong immune response, is safe and well tolerated
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Clinical trial evaluation must require confirmation of safety and immunogeneticity in humans before it can be widely Used
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| 16 |
Which challenge related to mRNA vaccines is highlighted in the article?
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2. Instability of mRNA requiring strict storage conditions |
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instability of mRNA requires strict storage and cold chain requirements
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RNA molecular stability: mRNA is inherently unstable and requires strict temperature control to prevent degradation
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| 17 |
Compared with traditional vaccines, what advantage of mRNA vaccines is emphasized?
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3. Rapid design and manufacturing flexibility |
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mRNA vaccines can be designed and produced very quickly which allows fast response, easy updates and more flexible scalable manufacturing
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Technology theory: allows rapid redesign and manufacturing by changing the mRNA sequence while using the same production framework
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| 18 |
Why is long-term safety monitoring important for mRNA vaccines, according to the article?
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2. Rare adverse effects may only appear over time |
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mRNA vaccines show strong safety profiles in clinical trials which is essential to identify rare side effects, detect effects that emerge months or years after vaccination
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Pharmacovigilnce: rare or delayed effects may be detected through long term post marketing monitoring
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| 19 |
What future challenge in respiratory virus mRNA vaccine development is emphasized by the authors?
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2. Addressing viral variants and immune escape |
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Addressing viral variants and immune escape may reduce the effectiveness of respire virus mRNA vaccines
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Viral evolution + immune escape: selective pressure drives the emergence of variants capable of evading vaccine induce immunity
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| 20 |
Which statement best summarizes the authors’ perspective on respiratory virus mRNA vaccines?
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3. They represent a transformative platform with ongoing challenges |
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The author says that respiratory virus mRNA vaccines are a major breakthrough but mRNA is unstable and has a lot of requirements, costs and global access
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Platform technology: mRNA vaccines are a transformative innovation that has a rapid vaccine development while facing technical challenges
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