| 1 |
What is the primary purpose of applying environmental adaptation engineering in agriculture?
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2. To recycle and reuse agricultural waste sustainably |
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from the article, it is stated that the primary goal of this review is to illustrate the problem of the environment with adaptation engineering to create energy and value-added product from wastewater and waste caused by agriculture.
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From the options above, only option 2 stated about using waste in a sustainable way, which is stated similarly in the research given.
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| 2 |
Which method best exemplifies waste-to-resource conversion in sustainable farming?
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2. Anaerobic digestion to produce bioenergy |
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from the study, it states about converting waste to energy and it also gave an example of agricultural waste management that involves waste-to-biogas which also utilizes anaerobic digestion due to the organic materials found in biowastes.
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From page 21 of the research, it states a way of waste-to-resource with anaerobic digestion of organic materials in biowaste to create biogas which is the same as option 2.
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| 3 |
What is the key feature of ecosystem-based engineering in sustainable agriculture?
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2. Maintaining closed nutrient and water cycles |
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| 4 |
Why is agricultural waste considered a valuable resource in sustainable systems?
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1. It can be used to produce renewable energy and organic fertilizers |
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| 5 |
How does environmental adaptation engineering support water sustainability in agriculture?
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2. By optimizing water reuse and retention |
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On page 17, it is shown that hydroponic is an adaptation strategy that uses wastewater from domestic, industries and livestocks for agricultural purposes and the wastewater are then treated or used in value-added products.
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| 6 |
Which indicator best reflects improved sustainability through adaptive engineering?
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2. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions |
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Because the goal of adaptive engineering is to turn waste into a energy or value added products, the reduction of green house gas emissions would mean that the waste had been put into good use rather than being discarded or destroyed by ways that are not sustainable like burning (which leads to green house gas emissions).
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| 7 |
Which technology integration supports adaptive agricultural systems?
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1. Smart sensors for waste and moisture monitoring |
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the other options are more towards damaging the environment which are not the goal for agricultural system the research are suggesting.
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| 8 |
What policy approach enhances sustainable waste management in agriculture?
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1. Encouraging circular economy models |
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| 9 |
Which of the following best summarizes the overall benefit of adaptive waste management systems?
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3. Enhanced environmental resilience and productivity |
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| 10 |
What distinguishes shape memory hydrogels from conventional hydrogels?
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2. Their capacity to recover pre-defined shapes after deformation |
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from the research, it is stated that shape memory hydrogel or SMHs are known for it's ability to go back to it's original shape after getting deformed to mimic the dynamic behavior of tissues in the human body which differ SMHs from conventional hydrogels.
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from page 216 and the abstract part of the research states that property of the SMHs and the purpose of use.
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| 11 |
Which stimulus commonly triggers the shape recovery of SMHs?
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2. Temperature or pH change |
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In the section two design and synthesis of SMHs, states that by changing the water conditions of the material can trigger the shape memory recover and they give the examples of changes in temperature and/or pH.
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From the options, direct electric current and mechanical vibration were not stated. Other than that, for the fifth option the research states that it needs both ultraviolet and ultrasound to trigger the shape recovery. Lastly, magnetic field is shown in figure two as something that change the shape of the hydrogel, but were not further discussed.
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| 12 |
What is the primary advantage of using SMHs in tissue engineering?
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2. Controlled shape recovery supporting cell growth and scaffolding |
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| 13 |
Which property is most critical for biocompatibility of SMHs?
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1. Chemical inertness and non-toxicity |
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| 14 |
What remains a major challenge in SMH fabrication for medical use?
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1. Achieving tunable mechanical strength and biodegradability |
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On the section of challenges of SMHs, they discussed about materials stability which are stated that they need to further regulate the maintanence of the SMHs in physiological environment . Table 4 from the research, demonstrates the barrier for advancing SMHs in one of the medical use fields which is in tissue. One of the problems stated is the mechanical strength and tunability.
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for the other options are not stated as a limitation in SMH fabrication in medical use in table 4 and the challenges on SMHs.
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| 15 |
Which future direction is emphasized for SMH development?
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1. Integrating multifunctional stimuli-responsiveness |
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| 16 |
Why are SMHs suitable for cell culture applications?
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1. They offer dynamic structures that mimic extracellular matrices |
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| 17 |
How do SMHs contribute to smart biomedical systems?
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1. By providing shape adaptability for implants and drug delivery |
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| 18 |
Why are biodegradable SMHs considered a sustainable option in tissue engineering?
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1. They reduce long-term waste accumulation in the body |
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| 19 |
Based on the figure showing the contribution of agricultural sources to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which strategy would most effectively reduce overall emissions while maintaining sustainable productivity?
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2. Improving manure management and promoting biogas recovery systems |
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from the figure, gas from livestock and manure management are the top two activities that releases greenhouse. Therefore, option two would help reduce the overall emissions
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from the figure, when each activity are compared the top two activities that emissioned the most amount of green house gases were gas from livestock with 170,000 kiloton and manure management with 85,900 kiloton, so adressing these two activities would contribute to reduce the overall admission.
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| 20 |
According to the figure illustrating biochemical, chemical, and physical stimuli affecting SMHs, which integrated approach would most enhance their performance in tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration or artificial skin?
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2. Combining multi-stimuli responsiveness, such as temperature and pH, for precise control of shape recovery and biocompatibility |
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for artificial skin and bone regeneration, they would be in contact of multiple stimuli at once. Thus considering a multi-responsiveness would be the best option.
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the skin are on the exterior part of the body which gets into contact with many stimuli (not just one type of stimuli). Therefore the second option would be the best.
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