| 1 |
What is the primary purpose of applying environmental adaptation engineering in agriculture?
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2. To recycle and reuse agricultural waste sustainably |
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The agricultural waste are adapted and transformed into energy and many valuable products. For example, we utilize the waste and turn it into bio-fuel.
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“ This review is unique and distinct from earlier studies, since it aims to raise the scientific community’s knowledge of environmental issues by presenting the idea of adaptation engineering as a means of transforming wastewater and agricultural waste into energy and value-added products.” This shows that the main purpose of applying environmental adaptation engineering in agriculture.
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| 2 |
Which method best exemplifies waste-to-resource conversion in sustainable farming?
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3. Deep tillage for soil aeration |
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Taking care of soil and its quality is essential for sustainable farming. There are many factors that will help us achieve our goal.
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“Since most agricultural waste is biodegradable and rich in nutrients, its controlled decomposition can enhance soil structure, fertility, and water retention, which are the essential elements for sustainable farming.“
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| 3 |
What is the key feature of ecosystem-based engineering in sustainable agriculture?
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1. Maximizing profit regardless of ecological cost |
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Economic-based engineering will result in an increased income for the farmers while maintains a stable ecological environment.
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“ Sustainable agriculture integrates animal and plant production to improve farmers’ earnings while maintaining environmental and social integrity. In agriculture, sustainability is typically evaluated based on economic and social stability and ecological and environmental sustainability.”
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| 4 |
Why is agricultural waste considered a valuable resource in sustainable systems?
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1. It can be used to produce renewable energy and organic fertilizers |
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Renewable energy will be created after 2 processes which are waste-to-biogas and biogas-to-energy. The waste will also be turned into organic fertilizers to support the growing economy of the farm.
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“ The farm ecological model is an important term in the adaptation techniques in the agricultural sector. The farm ecological model in agriculture waste management involves waste-to-biogas conversion, then biogas-to-energy conversion, and the renewable energy (biogas) is utilized for on-farm energy demand or is supplied to the grid (natural gas or electric power). The liquid and solid residues from the farms are utilized to produce organic fertilizer, which supports food production on the farm, completing the circular economy loop.”
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| 5 |
How does environmental adaptation engineering support water sustainability in agriculture?
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2. By optimizing water reuse and retention |
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Environmental adaptation engineering has innovate ways to reuse wastewater. This will ultimately lead to clean water.
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“ While recent innovations have expanded the possibilities for wastewater reuse, especially for generating clean water, many of these technologies still struggle to provide holistic environmental and economic benefits.”
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| 6 |
Which indicator best reflects improved sustainability through adaptive engineering?
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2. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions |
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Reduced greenhouse gas emissions will have the biggest impact and improve the efficiency of overall agriculture.
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“ Firstly, in the spirit of climate change mitigation, it advocates for using climate-smart agriculture practices, such as precision agriculture, agroforestry, and drip irrigation. These help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase carbon sequestration, and improve the efficiency of natural resource utilization from production to post-harvesting activities.”
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| 7 |
Which technology integration supports adaptive agricultural systems?
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1. Smart sensors for waste and moisture monitoring |
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Hydroponic as an adaption strategy will provide agriculture with precise and reliable technology. It will take care of the entire farm.
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“ Hydroponic systems have emerged as a promising solution for industrial-scale vegetable production, offering significant advantages in resource efficiency and environmental control [194]. These systems are increasingly automated, with wireless sensor networks regulating critical parameters such as water availability, temperature, and humidity, thereby supporting year-round cultivation and productivity”
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| 8 |
What policy approach enhances sustainable waste management in agriculture?
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1. Encouraging circular economy models |
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The circular economy model contains many elements that will improve sustainable waste management.
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“ These technologies align with the circular economy principles and offer scalable, sustainable solutions to reduce emissions, recover nutrients, and increase productivity.”
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| 9 |
Which of the following best summarizes the overall benefit of adaptive waste management systems?
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3. Enhanced environmental resilience and productivity |
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| 10 |
What distinguishes shape memory hydrogels from conventional hydrogels?
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2. Their capacity to recover pre-defined shapes after deformation |
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SMH’s unique ability is being able to recover to its original shape unlike conventional hydrogels.
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“ Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have emerged as transformative materials in tissue engineering, owing to their unique ability to recover their original shape after deformation.”
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| 11 |
Which stimulus commonly triggers the shape recovery of SMHs?
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2. Temperature or pH change |
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Temperature and pH both triggers the SMH.
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“ Thermal actuation relies on the melting and recrystallization of semicrystalline segments, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), enabling rapid shape recovery at body temperature for injectable bone or cartilage fillers. Triggers based on pH and ionic strength operate through reversible ionic coordination and hydrogen bond clusters.”
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| 12 |
What is the primary advantage of using SMHs in tissue engineering?
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2. Controlled shape recovery supporting cell growth and scaffolding |
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| 13 |
Which property is most critical for biocompatibility of SMHs?
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4. Non-degradable polymer structure |
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| 14 |
What remains a major challenge in SMH fabrication for medical use?
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1. Achieving tunable mechanical strength and biodegradability |
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| 15 |
Which future direction is emphasized for SMH development?
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1. Integrating multifunctional stimuli-responsiveness |
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| 16 |
Why are SMHs suitable for cell culture applications?
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1. They offer dynamic structures that mimic extracellular matrices |
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| 17 |
How do SMHs contribute to smart biomedical systems?
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1. By providing shape adaptability for implants and drug delivery |
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| 18 |
Why are biodegradable SMHs considered a sustainable option in tissue engineering?
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1. They reduce long-term waste accumulation in the body |
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| 19 |
Based on the figure showing the contribution of agricultural sources to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which strategy would most effectively reduce overall emissions while maintaining sustainable productivity?
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3. Expanding cropland area to offset emissions from livestock |
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| 20 |
According to the figure illustrating biochemical, chemical, and physical stimuli affecting SMHs, which integrated approach would most enhance their performance in tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration or artificial skin?
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2. Combining multi-stimuli responsiveness, such as temperature and pH, for precise control of shape recovery and biocompatibility |
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