โจทย์ ปรนัย
What percentage of the PCPs examined contained UV filters?

สกินแคร์ที่มีสาร UV filter จะเป็นส่วนใหญ่จะเป็นอุปกรณ์สำหรับการดูแลผิว/แต่งหน้า โดยเฉพาะครีมกันแดด ซึ่งจะกีนแสง UV เป็นต้น

จาก วิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa กล่าวว่า UV filters in personal care products PCPs contain UV filters in order to protect one’s skin from the harmful effects of UV light, which can potentially cause skin cancer and/or wrinkling. UV filters were used in 58% of the PCPs examined in this study. Products which contain UV lights were found to be skincare products (particularly sunscreen) and make-up products. In summary, UV filters were found in 75% of the make-up products examined and 88% of the skincare products examined in this study.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which of the following is NOT a category of PCPs mentioned in the study?

เพราะใน Database analysis of personal care products in South Africa ไม่ได้มีการกล่าวถึง Hair care products เลย

จากหัวข้อ3.1 Database analysis of personal care products in South Africa ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa จะมีแค่ Skincare products,Rinse-off products, Make-up products

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which ingredient is commonly used as a preservative in PCPs?

มีการใช้ Phenoxyethanol สำหรับสารกันเสียทั้งหมด 47.8%

ในหัวข้อ 3.3 Preservatives in personal care products ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa จะมีการบอกถึงตัวที่ใช้ในการเป็นสารกันเสีย

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What was the primary aim of the study discussed in the article?

เพราะในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa จะมีการบอกส่วนผสมของสารที่อยู่ใน PCP มาซึ่งสารบางตัวมีความเป็นอันตรายในการใช้

จากหัวข้อ 4 Conclusion ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa ได้มีการกล่าวถึงการแพ้ ระคายเคืองผิวหนัง

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which of the following fragrances is considered a weak allergen but found frequently in PCPs?

เพราะเปอเซ็นต์โดยรวมสูงคือ 73.3% จึงสามารถพบเจอได้บ่อย

จากหัวข้อ 3.2 Fragrances in personal care products ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa มีการบอกเปอร์เซ็นต์สารที่พบเจอในแต่ละผลิตภัณฑ์ดูแลผิว ซึ่งเปอร์เซ็นต์ในการพบสาร Limonene เยอะที่สุด

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does the term 'emerging pollutants' refer to in the context of the study?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What percentage of skin care products examined contained fragrances?

จากการวิเคราะห์ฐานข้อมูลผลิตภัณฑ์จะมีการใช้ Skin-care products contained fragrances ไป 73 หรือ 69.5%

ขากหัวข้อ3.1 Database analysis of personal care products in South Africa ในวิจัยAssessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa มีการบอกการใช้ Skin-care products ไป 73 หรือ 69.5%

โจทย์ ปรนัย
According to the study, which substance is toxic to aquatic life and can affect fertility?

มีการใช้ alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, butylphenyl methylpropional ซึ่งมีมากกว่า 25 ชนิดในน้ำ

จากหัวข้อ 3.2 Fragrances in personal care products ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa จะมีการอธิบายว่า Fragrances such as alpha-isomethyl ionone and butylphenyl methylpropional are restricted by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) but were found to be present in over 25 PCPs in this investigation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that frequently used fragrances have the potential to contaminate aquatic systems due to their potential high discharge into the environment through wastewater

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Based on the study, which regulatory action is recommended due to the detection of harmful ingredients in PCPs despite their ban?

จะต้องบำบัดการใช้ PCP ให้มากขึ้นถึงแม้จะมีการใช้อยู่ก็ตาม ก็จะต้องผลิต PCP ออกมาในทางที่ดีขึ้นกว่าการใช้สารที่ปล่อยมลพิษ

จากหัวข้อ 4 Conclution ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa มีการกล่าวว่า Future work will involve conducting chemical analysis of the PCP ingredients, as found in the developed database. In that case, QSAR models will be applied to predict the environmental fate of these chemicals from their inherent physicochemical properties. Furthermore, chemicals identified to be persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic by the QSAR model will be prioritised and used as a basis for the development of an optimum wastewater treatment system, capable of effectively removing harmful PCP contaminants. It is also recommended that more studies are conducted on alternative substances against potentially dangerous PCP ingredients, to ensure greener chemistry designs. Moreover, it is critical that PCP manufacturers do not prioritise preservation and attractiveness of their products (with fragrances/ colourants) at the expense of environmental conservation and human protection.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the potential health risks associated with chemicals in PCPs as mentioned in the study?

การใช้ PCP อาจก่อให้เกิดมะเร็งผิวหนังได้ซึ่งเกี่ยวกับระบบต่อมไร้ท่อ

จากหัวข้อ 1 Introduction ในวิจัย Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa กล่าวว่า The wide environmental occurrence of Personal Care Products (PCPs) is prompted by their daily use in various consumer goods. These products include cosmetics, body washes, perfumes and lotions; which are used to either cleanse or enhance one’s body appearance. The great consumption of these products has led to their continuous release into the environment, which consequently threatens ecosystems and human health. The reported health risks associated with chemical ingredients in PCPs (such as ultraviolet (UV) filters, parabens, and phthalates) include potential endocrine disruption and exhibition of estrogenic activity As a result, PCPs are regarded as emerging environmental con- taminants; arising from their persistence, exposure potentials, toxicity and environmental accumulation Most of these chemical

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary purpose of Process Analytical Technology (PAT)?

การเพิ่ม PAT ใน senser ถือเป็นการทำงานที่มีประสิทธิภาพที่ดีขึ้น

จากหัวข้อ ABSTRACT กล่าวว่า Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a systematic approach for monitoring of process parameters and product quality attributes and nowadays is considered for continuous processing of many industrial products. It is a mechanism to design, analyse and control manufacturing processes through on-line, in-line, at-line and off-line configurations for monitoring Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs). PAT systems include a combination of reliable in-line sensors, spectroscopic instruments and Multivariate Statistical Methods (MSMs) to provide informative knowledge for quality assessment of powdered and granule products. Nevertheless, monitoring programs of advanced manufacturing processes based on PAT sys- tems typically provide large sets of data which are complex to interpret. The application of appropriate data-driven modelling techniques could assist in the interpretation of complex data matrices to better control of processes. Data fusion is a data-driven approach that could increase performance and robust- ness of models used for data interpretation to generate more accurate knowledge about process condi- tions and performance by merging related outputs collected from several instruments and considering synergies from multiple sources. This paper aims at presenting the current state of the art regarding the application of multi-sensors data fusion for powdered and granule manufacturing processes and making a critical review of recent progress and future possible perspectives in this field.
2023 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which technology is often combined with reliable in-line sensors to enhance PAT systems?

การใช้ senser in-line เราจะใช้ MSMs หรือการใช้ Senser หลายตัวร่วมกัน เพื่อให้ได้ผลลัพธ์ที่แม่นยำ

จากหัวข้อ2. Monitoring of powdered and granules materials using PAT tool จากวิจัยMulti-sensors data fusion for monitoring of powdered and granule products: Current status and future perspectives กล่าวว่าReliable in-line/on-line sensors or spectroscopic instruments along with multivariate and multiway chemometrics could provide informative results for the real-time quality assessment of pow- dered and granule products. In summary, several sensors and ana- lytical techniques used for the quality assessments of powdered/granules products are electronic nose and tongue; spec- troscopy devices such as Near-Infrared (NIR) and Ultraviolet–Visi- ble (UV–vis) analysers; process sensors such as temperature, pressure and torque meters; and other advanced techniques such as Digital and Hyperspectral Scattering Imaging (HSI), as well as particle size analysers such as Spatial Filter Velocimetry (SFV) and Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM), (Fig. 4). Some descriptions of the functionality of these analytic

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does data fusion primarily help improve in PAT systems?

การเพิ่ม data fusion จะช่อวยในการทำงานที่เร็วมากขึ้น ประสิทธิภาพดีขึ้น และ ช่วยให้โมเดลแข็งแกร่งมากขึ้น

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which is NOT a listed advantage of continuous processing of powdered and granule products?

การแปรรูปผลิตภัณฑ์ผงและเม็ดช่วยในการผลิตที่เร็วขึ้น ประสิทธิภาพเร็วขึ้น ซึ่งความปลอดภัยก็จะมีมากตาม

จากหัวข้อ5. Conclusions กล่าวว่า Today’s processes implement many sensors and analytical instruments which can provide more information and opportunity to monitor, control and optimize CQAs. This correspondingly increases the complexity of the systems in terms of interpreting the data to capture process understanding. While data acquisition process can be achieved much faster due to progress in instrumen- tal methods, interpretation of data and data analysis process still demand long time. Data fusion strategies can be utilized for the performance improvement of PAT platforms to facilitate exploiting the advantages of datasets created from various sources while improving the model accuracy and robustness. By adopting an effi- cient data fusion technique and integrating various datasets gener- ated from multiple sources, more useful knowledge about a sample could be obtained than using a single source instrument. In this

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which of the following is considered a Critical Quality Attribute (CQA) for powdered and granule products?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does the integration of multiple unit operations in one production system characterize?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What challenge does the article highlight about handling granular materials?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which approach is specifically mentioned as useful for handling large analytical datasets in continuous processes?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does the future perspective section suggest about the integration of PAT and multi-sensor data fusion

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which technique is mentioned as crucial for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through monitoring?