| 1 |
What is the main advantage of using nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostics?
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3. They enhance sensitivity and surface area for detection |
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Nanomaterials enhance performance by improving sensitivity and specificity for medical diagnostics, as well as having an increased surface area for better detection capabilities.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 2 |
Which of the following nanomaterials is frequently mentioned as enhancing sensor conductivity?
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2. Gold nanoparticles |
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The key nanomaterials for sensor conductivity are: carbon nanotubes, graphene, and certain metal nanoparticles.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 3 |
Why are carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) useful in electrochemical sensors?
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3. They improve electron transfer and mechanical strength |
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They have excellent electrical conductivity which enables rapid electron transfer and improves sensor response time and sensitivity. They can be modified with enzymes, antibodies or DNA probes.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 13
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| 4 |
What is one challenge in integrating nanotechnology with electrochemical sensors for medical use?
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3. Issues in reproducibility and standardization |
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There are integration issues surrounding nanotechnology-based sensors with existing diagnostic platforms, electronic systems, and medical device communication protocols.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 17
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| 5 |
Which technique is commonly used to enhance the signal in nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors?
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2. Enzyme labeling |
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An enzyme serves as a recognition element that specifically interacts with the target analyte.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 17
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| 6 |
Why is biocompatibility crucial in designing electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostics?
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2. To prevent rejection or toxicity in biological systems |
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For patient safety, nanomaterials used in sensors must be carefully evaluated to prevent adverse reactions. Some nanomaterials may trigger immune responses so the potential toxicity will limit their use in medical diagnostics.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 18
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| 7 |
How do label-free electrochemical sensors differ from labeled ones?
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2. They offer indirect detection only |
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The sensors convert chemical reactions into electrical signals for quantitative or qualitative analysis which they operate through redox reactions which generates signals proportional to analyte concentration.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 2
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| 8 |
What is one promising application of nanotech-based electrochemical sensors?
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2. Early detection of disease biomarkers |
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Enhanced sensitivity for detecting bacteria and viruses and the ability to simultaneously detect multiple pathogens.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 13
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| 9 |
Which of the following factors most directly affects the sensor's detection limit?
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2. Nanomaterial surface-to-volume ratio |
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Large surface to area volume ratio leads to higher sensitivity and lower detection limits.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 7
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| 10 |
What is one of the primary goals of using digital sensing technologies in cancer care?
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3. Enable earlier and more personalized diagnosis |
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The primary goal of nanotechnology-enhanced electrochemical sensors is to enable early detection of cancer biomarkers where they can improve the rate of detection, sensitivity, and timely diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 13
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| 11 |
Which type of sensor is often used to monitor physical activity in cancer patients?
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3. Accelerometers |
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Wearable biosensors measure biochemical indicators in biological fluids such as sweat, tears, saliva, and tissue fluid in a dynamic and non-invasive manner, potentially being more efficient than ELISA and PCR.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review, Page 13, 20
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| 12 |
Why are patient-reported outcomes important in digital cancer care systems?
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3. They provide subjective data complementing sensor metrics |
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Research has found that employing a weekly web-based symptom self-reporting system in clinic patients resulted in higher overall survival (19 months vs. 12 months) and improved performance level at the time of relapse.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 13 |
What is one major advantage of real-time digital sensing in cancer treatment?
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3. Rapid detection of deterioration in patient condition |
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The nanotechnology can facilitate real-time, non-invasive, and sensitive cancer detection and enable rapid cancer diagnosis, leading to more personalized and effective treatment methods. The digital sensors can continuously monitor patients.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 14 |
Which of the following is a key barrier to implementing digital sensing in routine oncology practice?
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3. Limited digital literacy among patients and providers |
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As the technology is new, both patients and healthcare providers may lack the necessary digital skills to operate or interpret these technologies effectively.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 15 |
Which stakeholders are considered central to the adoption of digital cancer care platforms?
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2. Patients and healthcare providers |
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Healthcare providers need to understand and implement the new diagnostic technologies, and the patient's trust and acceptance are needed for market penetration.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 16 |
Digital sensing systems collect which combination of data types for cancer care optimization?
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2. Sensor metrics and patient-reported outcomes |
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Digital sensing systems combine real-time data from sensors with patient-reported symptoms to give a complete picture of a patient’s condition. This helps doctors personalize care and detect issues early.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 17 |
How do digital sensors contribute to improving the quality of life in cancer patients?
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3. By enabling symptom tracking and early intervention |
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Rapid detection of cancer biomarkers compared to traditional methods such as ELISA and PCR and ultra-sensitive sensors that can detect biomarkers at low concentrations. This early detection can cause early intervention, so the cancer doesn't develop further and improving the quality of life of the cancer patients.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 18 |
What does the article suggest about the future direction of digital sensing in cancer care?
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3. It holds promise for widespread personalized care |
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It has potential as the AI algorithms analyze complex sensor data and provide accurate diagnositcs as well as being non-invasive and real-time monitering. This approaph is personalised as the nanosensors are detecting individual and specific biomarkers.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 19 |
Based on the diagram, which of the following would most likely result in a false signal output in an electrochemical sensor for medical diagnostics?
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1. Using a transducer made of non-conductive materials |
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No/less electron flow which would make the signals unreliable.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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| 20 |
Based on the image, which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the advantage of using emerging digital platforms in cancer diagnostics?
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3. A portable chip-based sensor detects protein biomarkers from a blood sample within minutes |
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Digital platforms could provide a non-invasive and efficient way of treating cancer.
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Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review
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