| 1 |
What is the primary goal of contact tracing in public health?
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To stop the spread of diseases by identifying and informing contacts |
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Contact tracing is the practice of tracking the amount of people who has potentially be exposed to an infectious disease in order to stop the spread of the disease and to inform and learn of any other person who may have been effected.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
"Contact tracing and disease control", Eames K. T. D and Keeling M.J. The Royal Society, 2003.
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| 2 |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, what was one main reason people were motivated to isolate themselves after testing positive?
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To avoid infecting others, particularly vulnerable populations |
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Clearly, the cause for the isolation of patients who tested positive was to quarantine them so that they cannot come into contact with anyone and not infect anyone further.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
"Deciphering the power of isolation in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks", Yan Niu and Fujie Xu, The Lancet Global Health
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| 3 |
What method was commonly used for focus group discussions in the study on COVID-19 contact tracing?
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Virtual, synchronous meetings |
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A virtual meeting would be the most logical as it allows the discussion of COVID-19 contact tracing to be performed without having to be there in person and not running the risk of any more infections.
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"COVID-19 digital contact tracing applications and techniques: A review post initial deployments", Muhammad Shahroz, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad Younis, Nadeem Ahmad, Maged N Kamel Boulos, Ricardo Vinuesa and Junaid Qadir, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2021
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| 4 |
What factor did NOT influence the success of case investigation and contact tracing according to the article?
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The color of the quarantine facilities |
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The Color of the Quarantine Facilities does not effect and is also not mentioned in the study.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
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| 5 |
Which demographic factor was reported to affect the experiences and behaviors of individuals regarding CI/CT?
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Political ideology |
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Political Ideology and alignment is most likely to effect a person's behavior regarding case investigations and contact tracing and can be detrimental to the process.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
"A Multifaceted Evaluation of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing Program in King County, Washington", Julia E. Hood, Rachel W Kubiak, Tigran Avoundjian, Eli Kern, Meaghan Fagalde, Hannah N Collins, Elizabeth Meacham, Megan Baldwin, Richard J Lechtenberg, Amy Bennett, Christina S Thibault, Sarah Stewart, Jeffrey S Duchin and Matthew R Golden, Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, 2022
"COVID-19 and the Politics of Crisis", Philip Y. Lipscy, Cambridge University Press, 2020
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| 6 |
What did participants report feeling after learning they were exposed to COVID-19?
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Worry about their health and that of their contacts |
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It is natural that humans feel worry not only for their own safety but for the safety of others. This is indicated in the study.
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"Emotion, behavioral and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic", Ana Luisa Pedrosa, Leticia Bitencourt, Ana Claudia Fontoura Froes, Maria Luiza Barreto Cazumba, Ramon Gustavo, Bernadino Campos, Stephanie Camilo Soares de Brito and Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva, Frontiers, 2020
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| 7 |
What was a common source of information for participants when they learned about their COVID-19 status?
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Family, friends, and healthcare providers |
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As stated in the study, participants got information from a healthcare provider if they could be reached, while other received information from family and friends.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
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| 8 |
Which of the following was NOT a method for collecting data in the study described?
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Direct observations in homes |
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It is highly irregular that direct observation in individuals' homes would be used for data collection. Furthermore it is not mentioned in any studies.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
"Remote data collection for public health research in a COVID-19 era: ethical implications, challenges and opportunities", B. Hensen, C. R. S. Mackworth-Young , M Simwinga, N. Abdelmagid, J. Banda , C. Mavodza, A. M. Doyle, C. Bonell and H. A. Weiss, Health and Policy Planning, Oxford Academic, 2021
"Methodological challenges of analysing COVID-19 data during the pandemic", Martin Wolkewitz and Livia Puljak, Springer Nature Link, 2020
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| 9 |
What ethical considerations were emphasized during the focus group discussions?
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Ensuring privacy and voluntary participation |
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Privacy and Voluntary Participation are key values in ethics when studying or researching any case, and is emphasized in the COVID-19 case investigations and contact tracing.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
"COVID-19 Ethics and Research", Karen M. Meagher PhD, Nathan W. Cummins, MD, Adil E. Bharucha MBBS MD, Andrew D. Badley, MD, Linda L. Chlan PhD RNe and R. Scott Wright, MD, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2020
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| 10 |
How did the availability of self-tests in 2021 impact the public health response to COVID-19?
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It increased the speed at which people could learn their infection status |
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The self-tests allowed common people to test whether they were infected or not with speed so that they may be informed of whether they should report to a hospital and/or quarantine zone and whether they are a risk to others. This is said as much in the study.
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"Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis", Nickolas DeLuca, Elise Caruso, Reena Gupta, Charlene Kemmerer, Rebecca Coughlin, Olivia Chan, Divya Vohra, John E Oeltmann, Melanie M Taylor, Patrick K Moonan, Phoebe G Thorpe and Penny S Loosier, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine, 2023
"Self-Testing as an Invaluable Tool in Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic", Purewal S., Karakoula A. and Warr T., Sage Journals, 2021
"Benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 self-tests from a consumer’s perspective", Afschin Gandjour, Springer Nature Link, 2022
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| 11 |
What is urban ecology primarily concerned with?
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The interactions between urban environments and ecosystems |
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From the name, it can be concluded that it is related with the ecology (the study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystems) of an urban area, and thus their interaction with nature.
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"Urban Ecology", Jari Niemela and Kevin J. Gaston, Oxford University Press, 2010
"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 12 |
Which continent is noted as rapidly urbanizing within the study?
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Africa |
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In recent years, it is the continent of Africa that has been rapidly urbanizing.
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"Urbanization in Africa: challenges and opportunities for conservation", Burak Güneralp, Shuaib Lwasa, Hillary Masundire, Susan Parnell and Karen C Seto, IOP Science, 2017
"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 13 |
What significant bias is present in the study of urban ecology in Africa?
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Focus on wealthy nations |
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There is a geographic bias on more wealthy nations and only focusing on big cities instead of emphasizing more rural areas.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 14 |
What factor did the study NOT find influencing research efforts in African urban ecology?
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Technological advancements |
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Technological Advancements were not mentioned in the study.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 15 |
Which method was used to gather data for the study?
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All of the above |
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These are all valid methods to gather data for the study.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 16 |
What does the study suggest is needed for urban ecology research in Africa?
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A realignment of research priorities |
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From the research, it has been suggested that the study must shift priorities as right now it is biased and it must address other issues such as engaging local communities, integrating urban development with ecological health, etc.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 17 |
Which country was mentioned as having the majority of the studies?
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South Africa |
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40% of published papers on this topic come from South Africa.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 18 |
How did the study categorize the geographic biases in research?
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Unevenly distributed |
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The geographic bias of this research is uneven and this is apparent as a bias towards more wealthy countries and more developed urban areas is clear.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 19 |
What is a key recommendation from the study for improving urban ecology research in Africa?
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Encourage transnational collaborations |
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It is said that the research of urban Ecology in Africa must include collaborations between all African nations as to not only prevent bias but to also make a more accurate report.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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| 20 |
According to the study, what impacts the number of publications in African urban ecology?
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The personal interest of researchers |
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According to the study, researchers from different universities pursue what interest them most and thus can lead to several more issues such as collecting information from only one source or from a different source.
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"Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review", Adewale G. Awoyemi and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, ScienceDirect, 2023
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