| 1 |
What type of learning is discussed in relation to newborn infants in the context of sound sequences?
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Statistical learning |
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It is to test that newborn’s brains respond to rhythm, or perceiving an innate beat
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It is also said in the article that they used statistical learning. The results also show that statistical learning doesn’t fully explain the beat process in infants.
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| 2 |
What experimental method was used to study the infants?
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EEG experiments |
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EEG experiments are studies that uses special sensors placed on the head to record the brain’s activity
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EEG experiments are mainly used to study the brains activity when listening to beats.
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| 3 |
What was used to induce a beat in sound sequences during the study?
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Isochronous timing |
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They used Isochronous timing to induce a beat.
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In the article, isochronous timing means that sounds were played at an equal, time intervals, like metronomes.
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| 4 |
What is a key outcome of beat perception studies in newborns?
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Presence of beat processing |
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Because in studies, its shown that even without learning, infants can detect regular rhythm patterns.
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The article also mentions this.
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| 5 |
What does the mismatch response (MMR) indicate in newborn infants?
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Regularity violation detection |
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In newborns, MMR indicates that they notice when sounds doesn’t match the rhythm pattern.
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The studies in the article shows that the MMR results shows clear difference between the sequences.
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| 6 |
What aspect of the sound was manipulated to test beat perception separately from statistical learning?
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Timing (isochronous vs jittered) |
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To test beat perception separately from statistical learning
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Most of the other answers aren’t about timing or rhythm, and the article said they manipulated the timing.
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| 7 |
According to the study, why is the detection of a beat significant in newborns?
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It predicts future language skills |
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It can show that infants have an early developing to rhythm and timing.
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Many studies shows that early rhythm may help infants develop language skills.
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| 8 |
How does the article describe the relationship between statistical learning and beat processing in newborns?
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Completely independent |
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The study shows that beat processing in infants cannot be shown or explained correctly by statistical learning.
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The title itself already shows why. The other answers are either proven to be wrong or the study never shows.
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| 9 |
Which physiological measure was primarily used to assess responses to sound sequences in the study?
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Electroencephalography (EEG) |
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The study used EEG to measure newborns responded to sound sequences.
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EEG is ideal for newborns since it is silent and records the brain activity in real time.
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| 10 |
What does the presence of a clear Mismatch Response (MMR) to beat and offbeat positions in an isochronous condition suggest about newborns' auditory capabilities?
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Advanced capabilities in detecting rhythm |
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The presence of a clear mismatch response, in isochronous conditions.
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The study shows that the EEG recorded strong MMRs when a tone occurred off the beat the infants expected.
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| 11 |
What is the main focus of the cell and gene therapies article?
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Evidence-based cell and gene therapies |
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The question refers to the article
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The title itself has already revealed its focus
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| 12 |
What does CGT stand for in the context of the article?
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Cell and Gene Therapies |
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From the topic, the abbreviation CGT clearly stands for Cell and Gene therapies.
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The entire article say about CGTs and the full name of it.
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| 13 |
What does the article caution against?
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Direct-to-consumer marketing of unproven CGTs |
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The article specifically warns about the direct to consumer marketing
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The author in the article says that CGT’s should be offered after testing.
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| 14 |
According to the article, what is a risk associated with unproven CGTs?
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All of the above |
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The article clearly lists multiple risks associated with CGT .
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All the sentences are mention in the article on how its a risk.
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| 15 |
Which platform is mentioned for registering research that might not be credible?
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ClinicalTrials.gov |
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The article warns the misuse of platforms, by promoting unproven research
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The website is about allowing the public to see ongoing studies, but the article warns that it lacks proper information.
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| 16 |
What term is used to describe items that make unproven CGTs appear valid?
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Tokens of Legitimacy |
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The article refers to elements that give false information to unproven therapies, which are tokens of legitimacy
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Tokens of legitimacy are signs or symbols that makes something appear real and believable, even if its not proven.
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| 17 |
What does the ISCT oppose according to the article?
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Premature commercialization of unproven CGTs |
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the ISCT states in the article that it opposes the early marketing and use of CGT, that lacks evidence.
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There are direct quotes from the article itself, that warns that it put patients at risk.
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| 18 |
Which regulatory body is NOT mentioned in the article as a key player in CGT oversight?
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CDC |
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The article did not mention CDC
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The article only mentioned the others, except for CDC, not on approving CGT.
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| 19 |
What specific role do 'tokens of legitimacy' play according to the article?
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Persuade patients of the safety and efficacy of unproven CGTs |
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The article uses tokens of legitimacy to describe elements that make unproven CGTs appear believable
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Their purpose is to mislead patients that its safe.
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| 20 |
According to the article, what is a critical measure for distinguishing evidence-based CGTs?
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Pre-marketing authorization by national regulatory bodies |
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The article says that evidence CGTs must be formal approved by respected regulatory authorities.
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Official approval is the key for evidence based therapies
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