| 1 |
Which of the following best describes the concept of "beat perception" as it relates to the auditory capabilities of newborn infants?
|
The extraction of a consistent rhythm from a sequence of sounds. |
|
Newborn infants have been shown to extract temporal regularities from sound sequences, both in the form of learning regular sequential properties, and extracting periodicity in the input, commonly referred to as a regular pulse or the 'beat'. So that mean infants can catch the rhythm.
|
Gábor P. Háden, Fleur L. Bouwer, Henkjan Honing, István Winkler,
Beat processing in newborn infants cannot be explained by statistical learning based on transition probabilities,
Cognition,
Volume 243,
2024,
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
According to the research, what experimental method is used to differentiate beat perception from statistical learning in newborns?
|
Monitoring brain activity using EEG during auditory stimulation. |
|
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain. Brain cells communicate via electrical impulses, and this activity shows up as wavy lines on an EEG recording. Due to in newborns they can not show that much behavior to do a reseach so using EEG methods is the best way to get directly measure brain processing in infants without using behavior and not dangerous for newborn. So we can see the differnt of brain processing in differnt beat perception.
|
Gábor P. Háden, Fleur L. Bouwer, Henkjan Honing, István Winkler,
Beat processing in newborn infants cannot be explained by statistical learning based on transition probabilities,
Cognition,
Volume 243,
2024,
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
What does the mismatch response (MMR) in EEG studies indicate about newborns' auditory processing?
|
Sensitivity to regularity violations in sound sequences. |
|
MMR is an electrical signal from the brain that can be detected by EEG. Show when a rare-pitch deviant stimulus is presented amongst frequent standard pitch stimuli. So MMR is use to detect that newborn can digest the abnormal regularity in sound sequences.
|
Gábor P. Háden, Renáta Németh, Miklós Török, István Winkler,
Mismatch response (MMR) in neonates: Beyond refractoriness,
Biological Psychology,
Volume 117,
2016,
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
What does the term "statistical learning" refer to in the context of auditory processing in newborns?
|
Extraction of regularities from the order of sounds without explicit feedback. |
|
statistical learning in newborn they learning in pattern For example they keep hearing the same sound again and again in the same frequency so when thay hear the differnt sound they extract that abnormal sound.
|
Fló A, Benjamin L, Palu M, Dehaene-Lambertz G. Statistical learning beyond words in human neonates. Elife. 2025 Feb 17;13:RP101802. doi: 10.7554/eLife.101802. PMID: 39960058; PMCID: PMC11832168.
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
Which condition in the EEG study did NOT result in a differentiation between beat and offbeat responses in newborns?
|
Jittered condition. |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
Which neural mechanism is thought to underlie the synchronization of movement to a beat?
|
Neural entrainment. |
|
Neural entrainment is the process by which the brain’s electrical activity synchronizes with rhythmic external stimuli, such as music, speech, or repetitive sounds.
|
Mattia Rosso, Bart Moens, Marc Leman, Lousin Moumdjian,
Neural entrainment underpins sensorimotor synchronization to dynamic rhythmic stimuli,
NeuroImage,
Volume 277,
2023,
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
How does beat perception in newborns relate to their later musical abilities?
|
It is fundamental for developing rhythmic coordination and timing. |
|
Beat perception in newborn does relate to their later musical abilities because musical abilities is depent on how they like it and they need to practice more about music. It does not mean that if you have any beat perception you will like music but It is fundamental for developing rhythmic coordination and timing. because they can recognized the abnormal thing in the beat.
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
What is the primary purpose of using EEG in studies of auditory processing in newborns?
|
To record brain responses to sounds. |
|
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that measures brain electrical activity. Research using EEG to see how baby’s brain react when it’s hear any sound. EEG can also use to monitor sleep patterns but it does not about auditory. And in other choices To measure heart rate responses, To assess visual attention, To evaluate motor skills and To monitor sleep patterns it can not use EEG to measured.
|
Gábor P. Háden, Fleur L. Bouwer, Henkjan Honing, István Winkler,
Beat processing in newborn infants cannot be explained by statistical learning based on transition probabilities,
Cognition,
Volume 243,
2024,
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
What does an isochronous condition in an auditory study typically involve?
|
A consistent temporal interval between sounds. |
|
isochronous condition is mean that the sound is has a same rhythm. So a consistent temporal interval between sounds make regularly sounds.
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
Which auditory feature is NOT directly studied in the newborn auditory processing research?
|
Language comprehension. |
|
Because in newborn Brain development is not complete so there can not speak and understand any language but there can recognized the similarly of sound and ryrthm.
|
Gábor P. Háden, Fleur L. Bouwer, Henkjan Honing, István Winkler,
Beat processing in newborn infants cannot be explained by statistical learning based on transition probabilities,
Cognition,
Volume 243,
2024,
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
What term is used to describe the appearance of scientific credibility used in the marketing of unproven cell-based therapies?
|
Tokens of scientific legitimacy |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
According to the article, which of the following is NOT a recognized reporting mechanism for adverse effects from cell and gene therapies?
|
Consumer Protection Agencies |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
What ethical consideration is primarily challenged by direct-to-consumer marketing of unproven cell and gene therapies?
|
Privacy of genetic information |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
What key feature differentiates proven CGT products from unproven ones according to regulatory standards?
|
Pre-marketing authorization by regulatory bodies |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
Which of the following is a risk associated with unproven CGT products highlighted in the article?
|
Potential for serious health risks |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of unproven CGT products as discussed in the article?
|
Approval by major regulatory agencies |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
How do regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA ensure the safety of CGT products?
|
By requiring rigorous pre-marketing clinical trials |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 18 |
What is the primary goal of the ISCT's position on cell and gene therapies as mentioned in the article?
|
To support evidence-based products and oppose unproven ones |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 19 |
What is a potential consequence for patients using unproven CGT products?
|
Risk of serious adverse effects |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
What role does the ISCT play in the context of cell and gene therapies?
|
It opposes the premature commercialization of unproven therapies. |
|
|
|
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|