| 1 |
What is the primary goal of contact tracing in public health?
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To stop the spread of diseases by identifying and informing contacts |
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The primary goal of contact tracing is to break the chain of transmission of infectious diseases. This approach does not treat disease directly, but it is a preventive public health measure that limits new infections by acting quickly on known exposures.
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Epidemiologic Triangle Model (Agent-Host-Environment Model)
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| 2 |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, what was one main reason people were motivated to isolate themselves after testing positive?
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To avoid infecting others, particularly vulnerable populations |
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Because COVID-19 can spread and to be socially responsible, reduce the spread.
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Basic understanding of COVID-19
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| 3 |
What method was commonly used for focus group discussions in the study on COVID-19 contact tracing?
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Virtual, synchronous meetings |
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To social distancing requirements
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CDC field reports emphasized this method due to its balance of safety
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| 4 |
What factor did NOT influence the success of case investigation and contact tracing according to the article?
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The color of the quarantine facilities |
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The color of facilities has no scientific or social impact on the effectiveness.
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WHO documents detail real influencing factors (don’t mention any color schemes as significant.
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| 5 |
Which demographic factor was reported to affect the experiences and behaviors of individuals regarding CI/CT?
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Type of employment |
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Affects ability to isolate and risk level
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| 6 |
What did participants report feeling after learning they were exposed to COVID-19?
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Worry about their health and that of their contacts |
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If the symptoms are severe, the lungs may lose their efficiency and may not want to spread it to others.
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| 7 |
What was a common source of information for participants when they learned about their COVID-19 status?
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Family, friends, and healthcare providers |
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are who may have tested positive or helped interpret sources
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CDC & peer-reviewed qualitative studies on CI/CT communication during COVID-19.
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| 8 |
Which of the following was NOT a method for collecting data in the study described?
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Direct observations in homes |
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Due to health risks and privacy concerns during the pandemic, researchers avoided in-person home visi
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Common ethical protocols from IRBs during COVID-19 discouraged in-home observati
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| 9 |
What ethical considerations were emphasized during the focus group discussions?
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Ensuring privacy and voluntary participation |
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WHO & Belmont Report principles
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| 10 |
How did the availability of self-tests in 2021 impact the public health response to COVID-19?
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It increased the speed at which people could learn their infection status |
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Get results within minutes and act quickly to isolate or seek treatment
This supported faster containment and better individual decision-making.
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CDC, FDA, and WHO data on self-testing effectiveness (2021–2022).
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| 11 |
What is urban ecology primarily concerned with?
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The interactions between urban environments and ecosystems |
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Urban ecology studies how human-built environments interact with natural ecosystems and biodiversity, pollution, green spaces, and climate impacts in cities
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Urban ecology textbooks, studies from the Journal of Urban Ecology.
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| 12 |
Which continent is noted as rapidly urbanizing within the study?
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Africa |
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Africa is undergoing the fastest rate of urbanization globall.
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UN-Habitat and World Bank reports on African urban growth.
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| 13 |
What significant bias is present in the study of urban ecology in Africa?
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Limited to capital cities |
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| 14 |
What factor did the study NOT find influencing research efforts in African urban ecology?
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Technological advancements |
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technological advancements were not highlighted as a direct factor driving or limiting research distribution.
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Many studies cite lack of funding, institutional focus, and geopolitical bias, not tech access, as core drivers of research presence.
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| 15 |
Which method was used to gather data for the study?
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Literature review and bibliographic searches |
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Methodologies in urban ecology reviews often rely on meta-analysis and bibliometric analysis.
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| 16 |
What does the study suggest is needed for urban ecology research in Africa?
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A realignment of research priorities |
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Many ecological reviews call for research equity and strategic realignment to close gaps across African urban contexts.
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| 17 |
Which country was mentioned as having the majority of the studies?
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South Africa |
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Strong academic infrastructure, higher GDP, better research funding and institutional support
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Bibliometric studies often find that South Africa leads in scientific output across multiple ecological fields.
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| 18 |
How did the study categorize the geographic biases in research?
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Unevenly distributed |
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Uneven spatial research coverage is a recurring theme in urban studies across low- and middle-income countries.D
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| 19 |
What is a key recommendation from the study for improving urban ecology research in Africa?
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Encourage transnational collaborations |
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Collaborative research is often a solution to funding, training, and knowledge gaps.
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| 20 |
According to the study, what impacts the number of publications in African urban ecology?
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The GDP of the countries |
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Higher-GDP countries tend to invest more in research, host more universities and ecological programs and have more access to publishing resources
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Economic resources consistently correlate with scientific publication output across global studies.
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