| 1 |
What is the primary goal of contact tracing in public health?
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To stop the spread of diseases by identifying and informing contacts |
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Case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) are longstanding public health measures used to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases and were a critical part of the public health response to COVID-19
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CDC, 2022a; World Health Organization (WHO), 2021
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| 2 |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, what was one main reason people were motivated to isolate themselves after testing positive?
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To avoid infecting others, particularly vulnerable populations |
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We found that participants were concerned about infecting or exposing others, which motivated them to isolate or quarantine, notify contacts, and get tested.
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Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis
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| 3 |
What method was commonly used for focus group discussions in the study on COVID-19 contact tracing?
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Asynchronous online forums |
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Many cases and contacts reported seeking information from family, friends, health care providers, as well as television news and Internet sources
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Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis
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| 4 |
What factor did NOT influence the success of case investigation and contact tracing according to the article?
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The color of the quarantine facilities |
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All participants received documentation that described the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, and what to expect during each FGD or interview.
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Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis
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| 5 |
Which demographic factor was reported to affect the experiences and behaviors of individuals regarding CI/CT?
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Political ideology |
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Research has also revealed that individual knowledge of and responses to CI/CT varied based on demographic characteristics, such as age, race, ethnicity, income, and political ideology
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McClain & Rainie, 2020
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| 6 |
What did participants report feeling after learning they were exposed to COVID-19?
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Worry about their health and that of their contacts |
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Upon learning of their positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, cases noted that they were most concerned about overall community health
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Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis
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| 7 |
What was a common source of information for participants when they learned about their COVID-19 status?
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Family, friends, and healthcare providers |
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Both cases and contacts reported seeking information about COVID-19 from family, friends, health care providers, news channels, and websites.
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Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis
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| 8 |
Which of the following was NOT a method for collecting data in the study described?
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Direct observations in homes |
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This study is part of a larger project that surveyed a nationally representative sample of the United States (U.S.) population who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (case) or were exposed to someone with COVID-19 (contact) to learn about their subsequent behaviors to prevent COVID-19 transmission
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Oeltmann et al., working paper
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| 9 |
What ethical considerations were emphasized during the focus group discussions?
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Ensuring privacy and voluntary participation |
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This study is part of a larger project that surveyed a nationally representative sample of the United States (U.S.) population who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (case) or were exposed to someone with COVID-19 (contact) to learn about their subsequent behaviors to prevent COVID-19 transmission
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(Gale et al., 2013).
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| 10 |
How did the availability of self-tests in 2021 impact the public health response to COVID-19?
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It increased the speed at which people could learn their infection status |
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Several contacts expressed concern with the availability and costs of tests.
“I really didn’t want to take a test away from somebody that might have needed it more than us. I don’t think that they were in great supply. I just didn’t see an urgent need for us to take a test when we had no symptoms, and we weren’t going anywhere.” (Contact)
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| 11 |
What is urban ecology primarily concerned with?
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The interactions between urban environments and ecosystems |
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Given the availability of various definitions of urban ecology, we follow the scientific proposition that incorporates the ‘interaction of organisms, built structures and the physical environment where people are concentrated
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(Forman, 2014).
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| 12 |
Which continent is noted as rapidly urbanizing within the study?
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Africa |
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Probably, one of the most important mismatches between urban ecology research effort and the urbanization process is the lack of knowledge on the topic from the most rapidly urbanizing continents of South America, Asia and Africa
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(Ibáñez-Álamo et al., 2017, Seto et al., 2012, Shackleton et al., 2021)
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| 13 |
What significant bias is present in the study of urban ecology in Africa?
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Predominantly theoretical |
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Literature reviews provide an opportunity for summarizing the state of evidence-based knowledge applied in many fields
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(e.g., Ibáñez-Álamo et al., 2017, Magle et al., 2012).
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| 14 |
What factor did the study NOT find influencing research efforts in African urban ecology?
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| 15 |
Which method was used to gather data for the study?
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Literature review and bibliographic searches |
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| 16 |
What does the study suggest is needed for urban ecology research in Africa?
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A realignment of research priorities |
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| 17 |
Which country was mentioned as having the majority of the studies?
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Nigeria |
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| 18 |
How did the study categorize the geographic biases in research?
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Centrally focused |
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| 19 |
What is a key recommendation from the study for improving urban ecology research in Africa?
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Economic factors (GDP) rather than other urban indicators (e.g., urbanization intensity, human population density) are also crucial to explain urban ecology research effort within the continent. South Africa congregates many of the papers on the topic, while there are 16 African countries without urban ecology studies, providing clear targets for future investigations
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Cobbinah et al., 2015, Patel et al., 2017).
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| 20 |
According to the study, what impacts the number of publications in African urban ecology?
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Thus, if research effort is based on conservation-oriented reasons, we would expect that threatened ecoregions will be more studied. In addition, since smaller areas generally support lower species richness
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see Rantalainen et al., 2005
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