| 1 |
What is the primary goal of using multimodal transportation in logistics as per the discussed research?
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To minimize transportation costs and risks while delivering on time. |
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Multimodal transportation combines different transport modes to move goods more efficiently. The main goal is to reduce costs, avoid delays, and manage risks during transportation.
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According to logistics research, using multiple transport modes helps optimize route selection, risk management, and cost-effectiveness, which are key elements in supply chain efficiency.
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| 2 |
Which method is primarily used for decision-making in multimodal transportation route selection?
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A combination of AHP and ZOGP. |
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AHP is used to assign weights to decision criteria, while ZOGP helps choose the best route that satisfies those criteria. Using both methods gives better, more structured decisions.
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This combination helps balance expert opinions (AHP) with mathematical optimization (ZOGP), as supported by many logistics decision-support models.
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| 3 |
According to the case study, what is the primary commodity considered for transportation?
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Pharmaceutical products. |
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The case study focuses on items that require strict handling conditions. Pharmaceuticals are sensitive to time, temperature, and safety, making them a central focus.
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Logistics involving pharmaceuticals often require multimodal strategies due to their high value and strict delivery requirements. Studies usually use them as examples.
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| 4 |
What is the role of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the multimodal transportation decision support model?
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To establish weights for different criteria based on expert judgment. |
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AHP is used to compare factors like cost, time, and risk, and determine which ones are more important by expert input.
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AHP supports structured decision-making by breaking down complex problems and prioritizing factors with consistency.
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| 5 |
Which risk is NOT considered in the list of risks assessed for multimodal transportation route selection?
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Health risk. |
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The study assesses risks related to the shipment itself like damage, cost, and legal issues, but does not include personal or public health risk.
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Risk assessments in logistics usually cover operational and financial impacts, not health-related factors, unless it's a pandemic-specific study.
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| 6 |
What does ZOGP stand for, and what is its role in the model?
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Zero-One Goal Programming - It's used to solve the optimal route selection problem. |
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ZOGP helps make yes/no (binary) decisions for selecting routes that meet multiple goals, like cost and time limits.
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ZOGP is a mathematical model used in logistics to find the best combination of decisions under constraints.
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| 7 |
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transport discussed in the multimodal transportation case study?
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All are discussed. |
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The study includes road, rail, air, and sea transport in the analysis of multimodal logistics options.
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Effective multimodal systems often evaluate all major modes to ensure comprehensive route planning.
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| 8 |
In the context of the AHP used in the study, what does a consistency ratio (CR) less than 0.1 indicate?
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The judgments are sufficiently consistent. |
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If CR is below 0.1, the expert comparisons in AHP are reliable and logical.
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CR is a key metric in AHP to check for consistency in pairwise comparisons. A CR < 0.1 is considered acceptable
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| 9 |
What is the primary purpose of sensitivity analysis in the context of the ZOGP model used in the study?
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To check the robustness of the model's outcomes against changes in input parameters. |
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Sensitivity analysis tests if the model's solution would change significantly when input values are slightly changed.
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In decision modeling, this helps confirm the reliability and stability of the chosen solution, especially under uncertain conditions.
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| 10 |
Which of the following best describes the role of multimodal transportation in global trade according to the study?
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It is essential for making local industry and international trade more efficient and competitive. |
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Using multiple transport types improves delivery time, reduces costs, and connects local and global markets better.
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Multimodal logistics improves supply chain integration, as supported by global trade research and World Bank logistics reports.
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| 11 |
What is the main natural cause of landslides along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?
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Prolonged precipitation |
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Heavy or continuous rain increases water in the soil, reducing its strength and causing landslides.
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Hydrological studies link prolonged rainfall to slope instability.
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| 12 |
According to the article, what technology is used to assess landslide-prone areas along the highway?
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Remote sensing and ARIMA modeling |
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The study uses satellite images and ARIMA (time series forecasting) to monitor terrain and predict landslide risks.
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Remote sensing gives spatial data, and ARIMA models trends and changes—together they help assess and forecast risk zones.
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| 13 |
What is the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and underground water level mentioned in the study?
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Inversely proportional |
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As groundwater levels drop, surface temperature tends to rise due to less moisture retention.
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Land-climate interaction show that soil moisture from underground water helps regulate surface heat.
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| 14 |
How is the threshold value for landslide triggering determined as per the study?
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Using field surveys and geotechnical parameters |
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The study relies on real-world soil, slope, and rainfall data to identify when landslides are likely.
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Field data and soil mechanics help define the physical thresholds (e.g., slope angle, saturation point) for landslides.
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| 15 |
If the mean monthly rainfall in April is 150 mm and it increases by 20% in May, what is the mean monthly rainfall in May?
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180 mm |
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20% of 150 = 30
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New value = Original×(1+Percentage increase)
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| 16 |
Given that the slope angle in a studied section is 45 degrees and the friction angle (phi) is 11 degrees, what is the ratio of friction angle to slope angle?
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0.24 |
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Ratio = Friction angle Divided by Slope Angle.
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Ratio Calculations.
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| 17 |
If the specific gravity of soil is 2.74 and the natural density is 1.69 kg/cm³, what is the approximate weight of 1 cubic meter of soil?
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1690 kg |
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Since 1 g/cm^3 = 1000 kg/m^3 also 1.69 g/cm^3 = 1690 kg/m^3
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Change Units Method.
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| 18 |
Assuming that the direct shear of soil is 0.05 kg/cm², how much shear force is exerted on a 10 cm x 10 cm area?
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5 kg |
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Area = 100 cm^2
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Force = Shear* Area
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| 19 |
If the rate of land surface temperature change is 0.1°C per year starting at 24.94°C in 2020, what will be the LST in 2024?
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25.34°C |
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4 years × 0.1°C = 0.4°C
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The difference of years times by temperature (°C)
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| 20 |
What method does the study use to forecast future landslides?
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ARIMA and SPSS Forecasting Model |
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The study applies ARIMA models using past landslide and rainfall data to predict future events.
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ARIMA is a time-series model widely used in environmental forecasting, supported by SPSS for statistical analysis.
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