| 1 |
What type of learning is discussed in relation to newborn infants in the context of sound sequences?
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Observational learning |
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Newly born infants are seen to observe there surroundings to learn thing as in observational learning specially when it come to the context of sound sequences newly born infants tend to observe(listen /watch)there parents to mimic how they pronounce thing.
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As show in the report of “National Library of Medicine” state that newly born infants tend to use this way of learning to develop there skill in the early years.
(Link here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28587940/)
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| 2 |
What experimental method was used to study the infants?
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Behavioral observation |
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As in this case the word “ study” can be any different thing from behavioral studying psychical studying to brain activity studying the list are endless but as in most case behavior studying is the leading candidate.In an infant behavior study we could get some useful information about the infant(there behavior or any mental disorder)
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As show in this book/report “Advances in Study of behavior” by Daniel S. Lehrman, Robert A. Hinde and Evelyn Shaw
(Here is the link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/advances-in-the-study-of-behavior/vol/1/suppl/C)
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| 3 |
What was used to induce a beat in sound sequences during the study?
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Random noises |
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So as refer in the question “beat” is to extract temporal regularities from sound periodicity
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As show in the report of “ Beat processing in newborn infants cannot be explained by statistical learning based on transition probabilities”(link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027723003049)
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| 4 |
What is a key outcome of beat perception studies in newborns?
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Indifference to rhythmic patterns |
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As state in the last question “beat is to extract temporal regularities from sound periodicity“ so the key outcome must have something to do with patterning the sound.
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As show in this report “ Newborns’ Innate Beat Perception: Key to Early Musical Cognition” (link: https://neurosciencenews.com/music-cognition-neurodevelopment-25263/)
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| 5 |
What does the mismatch response (MMR) indicate in newborn infants?
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Language acquisition |
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As in the report of”National Library of medicine” state that a MMR is predicts to cause a behavioral speech discrimination in the long term.
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The report of”Mismatched Response (MMR) predicts behavioral speech discrimination outcomes in infants with hearing loss and normal hearing” (link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7935319/)
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| 6 |
What aspect of the sound was manipulated to test beat perception separately from statistical learning?
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Frequency |
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As state in the third question to have a beat there have to be a difference in the sound which is what frequency manipulation(sound) is.
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As in this paper explaining what frequency in sound is (link: https://magroove.com/blog/en-us/what-is-frequency/)
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| 7 |
According to the study, why is the detection of a beat significant in newborns?
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It predicts future language skills |
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As in the paper” Beat processing in newborn infants cannot be explained by statistical learning based on transition probabilities”(same as in the third question) state that an ability to detect a beat can be link to future language skill.
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Same as the third question
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| 8 |
How does the article describe the relationship between statistical learning and beat processing in newborns?
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Completely independent |
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As beat processing cannot be link to any kind of statistical learning
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As show in this article “ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027723003049”
(BTW I do want to know what is the article that they mention in the question )
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| 9 |
Which physiological measure was primarily used to assess responses to sound sequences in the study?
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Cortical thickness measurements |
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It directly link to “ Temporal-Coherence Induces” in an infant so it could link to the change in thickness of cortical.
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As show in the article from “National library of medicine “(link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38854125/)
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| 10 |
What does the presence of a clear Mismatch Response (MMR) to beat and offbeat positions in an isochronous condition suggest about newborns' auditory capabilities?
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Limited sensitivity to changes in sound sequences |
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As there is a clear Mismatch Response (MMR) to beat and offbeat that mean the newborn sound perception are not sensitive enough to differentiate the beat and off-beat of a sound sequence.
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Common sense
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| 11 |
What is the main focus of the cell and gene therapies article?
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Advances in robotic surgery |
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As an advancement in robotic surgery could be link to cell and gene therapies cause they need advance surgery system to operate and successfully deliver the therapies
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The article about cell and gene therapies : https://www.novartis.com/about/novartis-gene-therapies/what-cell-and-gene-therapy
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| 12 |
What does CGT stand for in the context of the article?
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Cell and Gene Therapies |
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As state in the article
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As state in the article
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| 13 |
What does the article caution against?
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Eating genetically modified foods |
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What is “the article “???
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I could not give an answer because I don’t know what article the question is about??
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| 14 |
According to the article, what is a risk associated with unproven CGTs?
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Misleading advertising |
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As CGTs that have not gone through thorough preclinical and clinical testing and approval may simply be ineffective and raise unrealistic hopes.
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As in the article about CGT (https://www.cellandgene.com/doc/combatting-unproven-cell-and-gene-therapies-through-regulation-and-education-0002)
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| 15 |
Which platform is mentioned for registering research that might not be credible?
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None of the above |
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Platforms like Google Scholar, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ScienceDirect are databases for finding credible research. They don't specifically register research that might not be credible
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| 16 |
What term is used to describe items that make unproven CGTs appear valid?
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Proof of Concept |
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Proof of concept is lack an ethical proof which is how unproven CGTs appear valid
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Common sense
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| 17 |
What does the ISCT oppose according to the article?
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All forms of genetic modification |
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isct do all of above
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There own website: https://www.isctglobal.org/about/partner-organizations
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| 18 |
Which regulatory body is NOT mentioned in the article as a key player in CGT oversight?
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Health Canada |
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I could not provide an accurate answer as THE ARTICLE IS NO WHERE TO BEFOUND
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As I said there is no article to be found
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| 19 |
What specific role do 'tokens of legitimacy' play according to the article?
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Persuade patients of the safety and efficacy of unproven CGTs |
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I could not provide an accurate answer as THE ARTICLE IS NO WHERE TO BEFOUND
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As I said there is no article to be found
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| 20 |
According to the article, what is a critical measure for distinguishing evidence-based CGTs?
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Pre-marketing authorization by national regulatory bodies |
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I could not provide an accurate answer as THE ARTICLE IS NO WHERE TO BEFOUND
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As I said there is no article to be found
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