โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary goal of contact tracing in public health?

Contact Tracing (CT) is one of the measures taken by government and health officials to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus.

How efficient is contact tracing in mitigating the spread of COVID-19? a mathematical modeling approach https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2021.11.011

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, what was one main reason people were motivated to isolate themselves after testing positive?

Many cases reported isolating because they did not want to infect others

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

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What method was commonly used for focus group discussions in the study on COVID-19 contact tracing?

Virtual FGDs and interviews were recorded using secure video teleconferencing and conducted in English and Spanish.

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

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What factor did NOT influence the success of case investigation and contact tracing according to the article?

The success of CI/CT also depends on the participation of individuals, which can be influenced by factors including potential stigma and lack of trust in government ( Lash et al., 2021 ). Research has also revealed that individual knowledge of and responses to CI/CT varied based on demographic characteristics, such as age, race, ethnicity, income, and political ideology ( McClain & Rainie, 2020 ). Moreover, CI/CT may have also been impacted based on access to COVID-19 testing. For example, although increased availability and use of self-tests beginning in 2021 let more people learn of their COVID-19 infection outside of a clinical or laboratory setting, these results were not routinely reported to health departments, removing a key step in the CI/CT process

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which demographic factor was reported to affect the experiences and behaviors of individuals regarding CI/CT?

demographic characteristics including age, race, ethnicity, income, and political ideology.

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What did participants report feeling after learning they were exposed to COVID-19?

For example, an Asian person who was a contact expressed concern about the stigma associated with spreading the virus to others

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What was a common source of information for participants when they learned about their COVID-19 status?

Many cases and contacts reported seeking information from family, friends, health care providers, as well as television news and Internet sources.

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which of the following was NOT a method for collecting data in the study described?

Focus group guides were developed and pretested prior to data collection. Following the pretests, moderators debriefed to adjust questions and probes, ordering of questions, and length of guides. We adapted the focus group guides for use in the one-on-one interviews. Virtual FGDs and interviews were recorded using secure video teleconferencing and conducted in English and Spanish. A lead moderator facilitated each FGD, and a support moderator took notes. One interviewer facilitated each interview. All moderators and interviewers participated in a 2-h training to employ an effective, equitable, and trauma-informed approach that valued all participants’ viewpoints ( Mathematica, 2022 ). The training focused on being empathetic to experiences and feelings and avoiding re-traumatization associated with COVID-19.

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What ethical considerations were emphasized during the focus group discussions?

Participation was voluntary, and all participants were provided privacy and confidentiality protections.

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

โจทย์ ปรนัย
How did the availability of self-tests in 2021 impact the public health response to COVID-19?

Moreover, CI/CT may have also been impacted based on access to COVID-19 testing. For example, although increased availability and use of self-tests beginning in 2021 let more people learn of their COVID-19 infection outside of a clinical or laboratory setting, these results were not routinely reported to health departments, removing a key step in the CI/CT process

Experiences with COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing: A qualitative analysis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100244

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What is urban ecology primarily concerned with?

African urban ecology is understudied.

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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Which continent is noted as rapidly urbanizing within the study?

Recent studies have warned of the lack of information from certain regions, particularly Africa, which is rapidly urbanizing.

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What significant bias is present in the study of urban ecology in Africa?

Urban ecology is significantly more studied in wealthier African countries.

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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What factor did the study NOT find influencing research efforts in African urban ecology?

we investigated the potential association of urban ecology research effort with some factors previously associated with the number of scientific publications. On the one hand, we tested whether the number of publications in the field (i.e., urban ecology) per country could be influenced by human population density, economic wealth, as well as the current or future urbanization prospects. Given the positive association between human population density and the degree of urbanization (e.g., Gao and O’Neill, 2021 , Qizhi et al., 2016 ), we would expect that countries with high human population density would hold the majority of studies in urban ecology. Furthermore, if urban ecology research effort is driven by the intensity of urbanization, based on the scientific reasoning of geographic focus areas of particular interest

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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Which method was used to gather data for the study?

We performed a literature search in Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus on 8 March 2021 using different combinations of 89 relevant keywords within the article titles, abstracts and keywords, covering the period 1920–2020.

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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What does the study suggest is needed for urban ecology research in Africa?

We need to redirect our priorities regarding urban ecology in Africa.

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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Which country was mentioned as having the majority of the studies?

This pioneering investigation focused on socio-economic aspects from Lagos (Nigeria), already highlighting the potential conflict of trying to apply European or American urban ecology theory to the African case, an argument that is still valid within the Global North and Global South framework (Shackleton et al., 2021).

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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How did the study categorize the geographic biases in research?

As identified in these studies, geographic biases impede the full comprehension of the real impacts of urbanization on nature.

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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What is a key recommendation from the study for improving urban ecology research in Africa?

Based on our review, we propose the following recommendations to promote urban ecology research in this continent: (1) strengthening collaboration and networking among researchers across regions and countries

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707

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According to the study, what impacts the number of publications in African urban ecology?

Interestingly, only country GDP and the size and conservation status of ecoregions significantly predicted the number of publications

Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104707