โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary goal of using multimodal transportation in logistics as per the discussed research?

To study a risk factor and manage it for eliminate in a final

use FAHP-DEA methodology

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which method is primarily used for decision-making in multimodal transportation route selection?

They use all for full potential of transportation

Research name’s “International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems”

โจทย์ ปรนัย
According to the case study, what is the primary commodity considered for transportation?

"The empirical case study of coal manufacturing is conducted to demonstrate the proposed model." This indicates that the primary commodity for the transportation route selection strategy discussed in this paper is coal.

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP)

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the role of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the multimodal transportation decision support model?

From the Abstract: "AHP is employed to determine weights of each factor, which rely on expert judgments." This indicates that the primary function of AHP in the model is to assess the importance of various criteria by leveraging the expertise of individuals in the field.

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) : AHP involves pairwise comparisons and relies on the judgments of experts to derive priority scales. These scales are used to calculate the weights of different criteria, which are essential in multi-criteria decision-making processes.

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Which risk is NOT considered in the list of risks assessed for multimodal transportation route selection?

The second abstract discusses the integration of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for identifying and assessing quantitative risks. However, it does not explicitly mention health risk as one of the assessed risks.

FAHP helps in determining the weights of each risk criterion by dealing with the ambiguity and uncertainty in the data.

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What does ZOGP stand for, and what is its role in the model?

"AHP is employed to determine weights of each factor, which rely on expert judgments. The significant weights of criteria obtained from AHP can be integrated in the objective function of ZOGP which is used to generate the optimal route." This indicates that ZOGP is utilized for finding the optimal transportation route by integrating the weights determined by AHP.

ZOGP is a type of mathematical programming used for decision-making problems where the variables are binary (0 or 1). It helps in achieving specific goals by minimizing the deviations from these goals.

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Which of the following is NOT a mode of transport discussed in the multimodal transportation case study?

The abstracts provided do not mention air transport as a part of the multimodal transportation case studies. They primarily focus on land and sea transportation, which are more commonly associated with heavy and bulk commodities such as coal.

Air transport is not practical for such heavy and bulk commodities, and it is not mentioned in the abstracts. Therefore, Air is the mode of transport not discussed in the case studies of multimodal transportation.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
In the context of the AHP used in the study, what does a consistency ratio (CR) less than 0.1 indicate?

AHP involves making pairwise comparisons to establish the relative importance of various criteria. The consistency of these comparisons is crucial for the reliability of the resulting weights.

A CR value below 0.1 is generally acceptable, indicating that the comparisons are consistent enough to be trusted. If the CR is above 0.1, it suggests that there may be inconsistencies in the pairwise comparisons, and the judgments should be reviewed or reconsidered.

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What is the primary purpose of sensitivity analysis in the context of the ZOGP model used in the study?

Sensitivity analysis involves varying the input parameters systematically to observe how these changes affect the output of the model. This helps in understanding how sensitive the model's results are to changes in the parameters, ensuring that the conclusions drawn are reliable and robust under different scenarios.

The primary goal is to identify how changes in input parameters affect the outcome of the model. This helps in validating the reliability and robustness of the decision-making process.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which of the following best describes the role of multimodal transportation in global trade according to the study?

The studies highlight the importance of selecting optimal multimodal transportation routes, considering factors such as cost, time, and risks, which are critical for efficient logistics and supply chain management. Efficient transportation directly impacts the competitiveness of both local industries and international trade by reducing costs, improving delivery times, and managing risks effectively.

Multimodal transportation leverages the strengths of various transport modes, leading to more efficient and cost-effective movement of goods. For example, rail and sea transport are often used for long-distance bulk transport, while road transport is used for local distribution.

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What is the main natural cause of landslides along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

The abstract mentions that the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway passes through "extremely steep slopes and high mountains prone to mass movements, particularly landslides and rockslides." It specifically highlights that "any natural (e.g., precipitation) or human-triggered disturbance (e.g., heavy traffic) can cause a fatal and devastating landslide under the influence of gravity."

Geotechnical and Environmental Factors : Continuous or heavy rainfall can saturate the soil, reducing its cohesion and stability. The added weight from the water can also contribute to the gravitational pull, causing the soil to slide down the slope.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
According to the article, what technology is used to assess landslide-prone areas along the highway?

The abstract mentions that the study "augmented it with the satellite remote sensing datasets to determine the threshold values that trigger a landslide and assess the probability of occurrence of landslide events in the future using Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) model and IBM SPSS Forecasting Model."

Remote Sensing : Remote sensing provides detailed and up-to-date information about the terrain, soil moisture, vegetation cover, and other factors that influence landslide susceptibility. It is a valuable tool for large-scale and continuous monitoring of landslide-prone areas.

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What is the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and underground water level mentioned in the study?

From the Context of Similar Studies : Generally, in environmental and geological studies, an inverse relationship is often observed between LST and underground water levels. When underground water levels are high, there is usually more moisture in the soil, which tends to moderate and lower the surface temperature. Conversely, when underground water levels are low, the soil is drier and heats up more quickly, leading to higher surface temperatures.

Soil Moisture and Temperature Regulation : Moist soil tends to have a cooling effect on the land surface temperature. High underground water levels contribute to higher soil moisture, which can absorb and dissipate heat more effectively than dry soil.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
How is the threshold value for landslide triggering determined as per the study?

The study mentions that through extensive field surveys, different geotechnical parameters of soils at the most landslide-prone site along the highway were evaluated. These evaluations, augmented with satellite remote sensing datasets, were used to determine the threshold values that trigger a landslide.

Field surveys involve on-site inspections and measurements to collect data on the physical characteristics of the terrain. This includes assessing soil types, slope angles, vegetation cover, and drainage conditions.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
If the mean monthly rainfall in April is 150 mm and it increases by 20% in May, what is the mean monthly rainfall in May?

To find 20% of 150 mm, multiply 150 by 0.20 to get 30 mm. Adding this increase to the initial 150 mm results in 180 mm.

Increase = April’s rainfall × Percentage increase May’s rainfall = April’s rainfall + Increase

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Given that the slope angle in a studied section is 45 degrees and the friction angle (phi) is 11 degrees, what is the ratio of friction angle to slope angle?

Friction angle : 11 degrees Slope angle : 45 degrees Ratio calculation : 11/45 ≈ 0.24

Ratio = Friction angle / Slope angle

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If the specific gravity of soil is 2.74 and the natural density is 1.69 kg/cm³, what is the approximate weight of 1 cubic meter of soil?

Natural density of soil : 1.69 kg/cm³ Conversion to kg/m³ : 1.69×10^6 kg/m³ Weight calculation : 1690kg

Weight = Density × Volume

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Assuming that the direct shear of soil is 0.05 kg/cm², how much shear force is exerted on a 10 cm x 10 cm area?

Shear stress = 0.05 kg/cm² Area = 10 cm x 10 cm = 100 cm² Shear force = 0.05kg/cm² × 100 cm² = 5kg

Shear force = Shear stress × Area

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If the rate of land surface temperature change is 0.1°C per year starting at 24.94°C in 2020, what will be the LST in 2024?

Initial LST in 2020 : 24.94°C Rate of change : 0.1°C per year Total change over 4 years : 0.1°C/year × 4 years = 0.4°C LST in 2024 : 24.94°C+ 0.4°C = 25.34°C

Total change = Rate of change × Number of years LST in 2024 = Initial LST + Total change

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What method does the study use to forecast future landslides?

The study specifically mentions the use of the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) model and IBM SPSS Forecasting Model to assess the probability of occurrence of landslide events in the future.

ARIMA Model : The ARIMA model is a popular statistical method used for time series analysis and forecasting. It combines autoregression (AR), differencing (I for integration), and moving average (MA) components to model and predict future values based on past data.