| 1 |
What is the primary role of transition metal ion catalysts in the catalytic ozonation process for nanoplastic removal?
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To facilitate the decomposition of O3 and generate active free radicals |
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Transition metal ions such as iron, manganese, or copper can catalyze the decomposition of ozone to generate high reactive oxygen like Hydroxyl radicals, the presence of transition metal ion catalysts can improve the selectivity to focus the oxidative power of the process.
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I got it from 'Transition Metal Ions as Ozonation Catalysts: An Alternative Process of Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation. Catalysts 2021' in MDPI website, the theory was ozone decomposition which is O3+Mn+→O2+M^(n+1)+•OH where M represents transition metal.
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| 2 |
According to the article, what was the observed effect of using Co2+ at 1 mM on the mineralization rate of polystyrene nanoplastics during ozonation?
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Increased mineralization rate by 20% Correct Answer: 3 |
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To be honest I didn't have the article nor I know where to find it but according to my researching I found out that it increased mineralization rate by approximately 11% but I didn't see it in the answer, so I just picked the nearest one.
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Co(II) may form stable complexes with the organic pollutants in which could hinder their oxidation by ozone.
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| 3 |
In the context of nanoplastics removal, what does the scavenger experiment with methanol demonstrate about the catalytic ozonation process?
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Methanol decreases the overall removal efficiency |
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When methanol is added to the ozonation system, the mineralization rate of nanoplastics is expected to decrease, and the introduction of methanol typically results in a lower removal efficiency for pollutants.
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When methanol is introduced into system, it will reacts with •OH radicals to form methoxy radicals and water, the reaction reduces the concentration of available •OH radicals, thereby limited their ability to oxidize.
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| 4 |
If the initial concentration of nanoplastics is 20 mg/L and the catalytic ozonation achieves a 70% mineralization rate, what is the concentration of remaining nanoplastics?
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6 mg/L |
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20 * (1 -70/100)
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Remaining C = Initial C x (1 - Mineralization Rate)
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| 5 |
Given an ozone flow rate of 0.5 NL/min and an ozonation time of 120 minutes, how much ozone (in grams) has been used if the ozone concentration is 10 mg/NL?
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0.6 grams |
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Total Ozone = 0.5 * 120 * 10 = 600 mg; 600/1000 = 0.6 g
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Total Ozone = Flow Rate × Ozonation Time × Ozone Concentration
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| 6 |
If reducing the turbidity of water by catalytic ozonation with Co2+ from 100 NTU to 35 NTU represents a 65% reduction, what was the original turbidity?
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100 NTU |
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Original Turbidity = 35/(1-0.65) = 35/0.35 = 100
but I mean it is already in the question tho.
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Final Turbidity = Original Turbidity × (1−Reduction Rate);
Original Turbidity = Final Turbidity/(1−Reduction Rate)
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| 7 |
What is a major benefit of catalytic ozonation over single ozonation in water treatment?
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It provides higher mineralization rates |
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Catalytic ozonation enhances the efficiency of the ozonation process by using catalysts, which can improve the production of reactive species (like hydroxyl radicals) that are more effective at breaking down organic pollutants.
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Catalysts can promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals during the ozonation process, these radicals are powerful oxidants that can mineralize organic compounds into simpler, inorganic substances.
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| 8 |
Which of the following is NOT a transition metal ion used as a catalyst in the study?
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Ca2+ |
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I mean I didn't know about the article but the common transition metal ions that are typically used as catalysts are iron cobalt manganese nickle and copper so I just chose calcium because it isn't transition
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Calcium isn't transition metal nor is commonly used as catalyst.
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| 9 |
What environmental issue does the removal of nanoplastics address?
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Reduction of water pollution |
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Nanoplastics, as the name suggested, are tiny plastic particles that can contaminate water bodies.
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| 10 |
What analytical technique is NOT mentioned as used for monitoring the degradation of nanoplastics?
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Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) |
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| 11 |
What effect does the melt fiber spinning system have on the crystallinity of PET fibers?
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It increases crystallinity by promoting rapid cooling. |
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| 12 |
What role does the spooling speed play in the fiber spinning system described in the article?
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Spooling speed controls the temperature of the system. |
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| 13 |
According to the article, what was the impact of using the LCC-ICCG enzyme on PET depolymerization?
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It significantly increased the monomer release from PET. |
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| 14 |
If the initial mass of PET before enzymatic treatment in a bioreactor was 500 grams and 96.9% mass was lost due to depolymerization, what is the final mass of PET?
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15.5 grams |
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Mass lost = 500 x 0.969 = 484.5 g
Final mass = 500 - 484.5 = 15.5 g
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Mass lost = Initial mass × (Percentage of mass lost/100)
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| 15 |
Considering the average crystallinity of PET fibers after treatment is 9.7%, what would be the crystallinity if the process conditions were unaltered but the drop distance doubled?
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14.55% |
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Doubling the crystallinity is very unlikely, but it shouldn't remain the same and shouldn't be half so 14.55% is the most likely result to happen.
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| 16 |
If the surface area to volume ratio of PET increased 15-fold due to processing, and the initial ratio was 0.1 mm²/mm³, what is the new ratio?
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1.5 mm²/mm³ |
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New ration = 0.1 * 15 = 1.5
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New ratio = Initial ration * increased factor
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| 17 |
What is a major advantage of the melt fiber spinning system over traditional recycling methods?
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Produces higher crystallinity PET |
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| 18 |
What does the term 'amorphous content' refer to in the context of PET recycling?
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The unstructured, non-crystalline state of PET |
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| 19 |
What is the primary benefit of reducing the crystallinity of PET in recycling processes?
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It reduces the thermal stability of PET. |
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| 20 |
Which measurement technique was used to assess the polymer spectra to confirm the presence of PET?
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy |
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