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What is the primary focus of the paper?

The paper explores and analyzes the experiences, challenges, and effectiveness of COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing efforts.

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What is the purpose of case investigation in the context of COVID-19?

Case investigation involves identifying and tracing the contacts of individuals who have tested positive for COVID-19 or are suspected of having the virus. This process helps in controlling the spread of the virus by identifying potential sources of transmission and implementing appropriate public health measures.

Case investigation involves interviewing someone who has confirmed or suspected COVID-19 to learn whom they may have exposed to the virus, eliciting their contacts, counseling them to monitor their symptoms, and recommending isolation (i.e., staying home and away from others).

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What is contact tracing, as defined in the paper?

Contact tracing involves identifying and notifying individuals who have been in close contact with someone infected with COVID-19. This helps in preventing further transmission of the virus by advising contacts to self-isolate and monitor their symptoms.

Contact tracing is the subsequent process of notifying close contacts of their potential exposure, referring them to testing, counseling them to monitor their symptoms, and encouraging them to quarantine (i.e., staying home and away from others after potential exposure) (CDC, 2022a).

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Why did health departments face challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic?

The lack of sufficient financial resources posed significant challenges for health departments in effectively implementing and scaling up COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing efforts, among other public health measures.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, health departments faced challenges and lacked resources to provide CI/CT to all cases and contacts, especially during surges of high COVID-19 incidence (Lash et al., 2021).

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Essay | Examine the variations in individuals' experiences with CI/CT for COVID-19 based on demographic characteristics. How do factors such as age, race, ethnicity, income, and political ideology influence these experiences?

All of the above have an influence on both our thoughts and actions, so it affects our behavior during that time.

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What is the primary concern raised by the authors regarding the state of knowledge in African urban ecology?

This concern highlights uneven research distribution across different regions of Africa and the varying ecological contexts that are not adequately represented in the current body of literature on urban ecology in Africa.

We found 795 relevant papers from where data were collected and tested to understand geographic and ecological mismatches in research effort, allowing us to identify important knowledge gaps (e.g., taxonomy and scientific fields).

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What significant predictors did the study investigate regarding the number of publications on African urban ecology?

These factors are often correlated with the level of urbanization and economic development, which can influence research activity and publication output in the field of urban ecology.

We first used the number of published urban ecological studies (hereafter: research effort) per country as the response variable to test the effect of urbanization intensity, urbanization prospect, human population density and GDP using general linear models (LM).

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In terms of research scale, where were the majority of the studies conducted according to the study?

This suggests that most research focused on specific cities or urban areas within Africa rather than broader regional or continental scales.

We extracted the following data from each included paper: title, year of publication, journal, country of study and study sites. We then classified each paper based on type (field study, review or perspective) and scale, which included city (conducted in a single city), local (involving more than one city in a country),

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What methodological approach did the authors use to conduct the literature search in this study?

This approach involves systematically identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing existing research studies relevant to the topic of urban ecology in Africa.

In the present study, we conducted a systematic literature review to determine trends in urban ecological research conducted in Africa. Relative to other regions such as Asia, Europe and North America (Forman, 2016, Lin and Grimm, 2015, Magle et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2014), there have been few attempts aimed at synthesizing the state of knowledge in African urban ecology (e.g., Cilliers et al., 2013, Shackleton et al., 2017, Lindley et al., 2018, du Toit et al., 2018).

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Essay | Examine the key factors contributing to the lack of knowledge and research gaps in African urban ecology, as highlighted in the literature review. Discuss the potential implications of this knowledge gap and propose strategies to address and advance research in this field.

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According to the literature search, what are the four key formulations through which acceptability has been defined or conceptualized?

These formulations focus on the attitudes, intentions, behaviors, and satisfaction levels of healthcare professionals towards AI systems in medical imaging.

It should be noted that there is no consensus in the literature around how acceptability should be defined [12]. Four key formulations have emerged including user affective attitude towards the suitability of a system for medical usage, behavioural intention to use a system, actual system usage behaviour, and satisfaction following system usage [12].

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Which academic databases were included in the search strategy for the scoping review on the acceptability of AI in medical imaging domains?

These databases are widely recognized for their coverage of medical literature, systematic reviews, and multidisciplinary research relevant to healthcare professionals and AI in medical imaging.

A systematic literature search was performed across five academic databases including Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Compendex, and Scopus from January 2013 to September 2023.

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What were the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of publications in the scoping review?

This criterion indicates that the review focused specifically on literature that directly addressed the acceptability of AI in medical imaging among healthcare professionals as end-users.

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How many studies were included in the scoping review, and which aspect of AI acceptability did the majority of these studies focus on?

This suggests that the majority of the studies included in the scoping review focused on the retrospective analysis of AI acceptability in medical imaging among healthcare professionals.

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Essay | Explain the concept of acceptability in the context of AI in medical imaging. Outline the key dimensions through which acceptability has been conceptualized in past studies and why a scoping review considered multiple formulations. Additionally, discuss the importance of considering end-user perspectives in the evaluation of AI acceptability.

In conclusion, the concept of acceptability in AI for medical imaging encompasses multiple dimensions that collectively shape healthcare professionals' perceptions and adoption of these technologies. A scoping review that considers these dimensions provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, identifies areas for further research, and underscores the importance of integrating end-user perspectives to optimize the acceptance and integration of AI in medical practice.

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What is workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare?

This definition encompasses a range of behaviors, including physical assault, verbal abuse, threats, and other forms of aggression directed towards healthcare workers in the workplace.

WPV can be defined as healthcare workers being abused, assaulted or threatened in work-related events which include but are not limited to travelling to and from workplace, and implicit or explicit conflict affecting their health, safety or wellness.1 Common examples of WPV in healthcare include aggression, bullying, physical assault, sexual harassment, and verbal abuse and threats initiated by perpetrators such as patients, visitors and co-workers.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the impact of WPV on healthcare workers?

WPV can have severe consequences ranging from psychological distress, physical injuries, and long-term health issues to fatalities in extreme cases. It underscores the serious nature of workplace violence and the need for effective prevention and management strategies in healthcare settings.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), workplace violence (WPV) is a significant issue in healthcare. However, no systematic review on WPV in medical radiation science (MRS) has been published yet. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review prevalence of WPV in MRS and its risk factors.

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Why is there a need for a systematic review on WPV in medical radiation science (MRS)?

This suggests that there is a gap in knowledge regarding the extent of workplace violence experienced by medical radiation science professionals and the factors that contribute to such incidents within this specific healthcare domain.

To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review on WPV in medical radiation science (MRS) has been published yet. However, MRS is an indispensable part of modern healthcare.11 Medical radiation practitioners (MRPs) including diagnostic radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists (NMTs), medical sonographers and radiation therapists work in various clinical areas such as radiology, nuclear medicine, emergency and radiation oncology departments, intensive care units and operating theatres.

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What databases were used for the literature search in the systematic review on WPV in MRS?

These databases are well-regarded sources of scholarly literature covering healthcare and related disciplines, making them suitable for conducting comprehensive research on WPV in MRS.

Electronic scholarly publication databases, namely EBSCOhost/Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Ultimate, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library were used for literature search to identify articles about WPV in MRS published over last 10 years as per preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.

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Essay | Workplace Violence (WPV) in Healthcare. Please explain the impacts and research gaps.

Addressing workplace violence in medical radiation science and healthcare requires a multifaceted approach that integrates research, policy development, and practical interventions. By closing research gaps and expanding knowledge on WPV prevalence, impacts, and effective strategies, healthcare organizations can enhance workplace safety, support healthcare professionals' well-being, and ultimately improve patient care outcomes. Collaboration among researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential to develop evidence-based solutions that create safe and supportive environments for all healthcare workers.