โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary consideration in route selection for a multimodal transportation system?

The main attributes considered are transportation cost, transportation time, and seven risks of transportation.

A Publication of Thammasat University,Thailand (Formerly Thammasat International of Science and Technology )

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which decision-making approach is utilized to determine the optimal multimodal transportation route in the proposed model?

The transportation of beverage products from Thailand to neighboring ASEAN countries has been rising fast, especially in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar (Department of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce, Thailand 2015). Nevertheless, the main transportation routes of this product are still restricted to road transportation, though it involves with higher cost compared to rail and waterway. This paper develops a framework for route selection in multimodal transportation about the case study of beverage transportation from Thailand to Cambodia. One of the objectives is to determine the optimized route that optimizes cost, lead time, and risk in the system by using a five phases framework. The first phase is to define areas of study and identify all the related routes. The second phase is to calculate time and cost of each route. The third phase is to integrate qualitative decision making (Quantitative risk assessment) which are assessed by the experts or Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) for each criterion. The fourth phase is to prioritize criteria by using Analytic Hierarchy Process. The final phase is to optimize the route by using the Zero-one goal programming. The results have shown that the approach can provide a guidance in choosing the optimal cost, time and risk for multimodal transportation in beverage industry effectively.

THE DECISION MAKING OF FREIGHT ROUTE IN MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION Kwanjira Kaewfak and Veeris Ammarapala Received: October 12, 2017; Revised: January 05, 2018; Accepted: January 17, 2018

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does AHP stand for in the context of the decision support model?

AHP stand for Analytic Hierarchy Process in the context of the decision support model.

International Journal of Decision Support System Technology. A Decision Support System for Improving the Inconsistency in AHP María Teresa Escobar, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain* https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-1905 Juan Aguarón, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-7597 José María Moreno-Jiménez, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-6976 Alberto Turón, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-8958

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the objective of the zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) in the model?

A zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) is an important technique for solving many real-world problems. This paper adopts the new approach to show how to program the ZOGP model to solving a decision / management problem. The decision model is developed as a binary goal programming model base on a case analysis. The overall objective is to design and evaluate a model for effective resource planning in a marketing activity projects selection process. The main contribution is in problem identification and development of the mathematical model for project selection. This ZOGP model facilitates decision-making (DM) planning process and managerial policy in resources distribute.

A Zero-one Goal Programming Model for Marketing Project Selection. 0-1 模型應用於行銷專案選擇 Chin-Nung Liao Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration China Institute of Technology

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Explanation: ZOGP is used to generate the optimal route by integrating weights obtained from AHP.

multimodal transportation routing within Greater Mekong sub-region countries (GMS). This model is the combination of a number of models, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which can help to bring consistency weight whose decision criteria – both quantitative and qualitative – are expressed in subjective measures according to the point of view of users. The quantitative factors are found by multimodal transport cost model and qualitative factors by using factor analysis. Then, it is followed by the Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP) which can integrate weights from the AHP to achieve an optimal multimodal transportation routing based upon user constraints. The analysis results, software developed, recommendations and limitations are also presented.

https://www.sciencedirect.com written by Athakorn Kengpol.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the main drivers for the increasing focus on multimodal transportation in logistics systems?

It enhances connectivity, reduces congestion on specific modes, lowers transportation costs, minimizes environmental impact, and improves overall logistics and supply chain management. One of the key advantages of multimodal transportation is its ability to leverage the strengths of different modes of transport.

https://www.tvsscs.com/multimodal-transportation-what-it-is-and-how-it-can-benefit-your-businesses/

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Why is comprehensive risk analysis considered crucial in the development of multimodal transportation?

Assures Safe and Timely Arrival – Transportation risk management improves the likelihood that cargo will arrive at its destination on time and in good condition by reducing possible threats and hurdles along the way.

https://www.firststarlogistics.com/blog/transportation-risk-management-definition-benefits-how-it-works/

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What is the primary challenge in identifying and prioritizing risks in multimodal transportation?

For transportation companies, the risks typically reside in three areas: fleet integrity and safety, driver safety and retention, and compliance. The first two areas are subject to external influences, particularly weather events, natural disasters, traffic, and road conditions.

Challenges of Multimodal Transport Services: The Case of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise. Author: Habtesilase Supervisor: Demse Dr. Richard Owusu Examiner: Dr. Per Servais Date: 23 May 2018 Subject: International Business Strategy

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which methodology is proposed for risk analysis in multimodal transportation in this study?

The main objective of this study is to first propose a novel integrated framework of fuzzy risk assessment model (FRAM), data envelopment analysis (DEA), and multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches for route selection in multimodal transportation networks. In the FRAM phase, the magnitude calculation of risks was operated by decision makers, who can provide their opinions on the probability of occurrence and severity of consequences through linguistic variables and triangular fuzzy numbers for risk likelihood and severity scales. The Mamdani fuzzy rule-based inference system including the rule’s firing strengths is established to convert the membership degrees for each term of aggregated likelihood and severity scales into those for each term of the risk magnitude scale. In the DEA phase, precise and crisp risk magnitudes are characterized by a new defuzzifier based on the DEA algorithm, which is applied instead of classical defuzzification methods. The three decision criteria of transportation cost, transportation time, and overall risk magnitude are weighted by a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and then investigated based on the consensus of decision makers’ needs by a zero-one goal programming model, which is used to select the most appropriate multimodal route. Finally, the integrated approach is tested to reveal its capability and aptness using a real-world multimodal freight transportation route selection between Thailand and Cambodia. The proposed framework contributes to an easy-to-apply technique for risk predictability in multimodal transportation networks and provides powerful decision-making for the effective selection of the most appropriate alternative under the fuzzy context.

https://www.sciencedirect.com written by Nitidetch Koohathongsumrit.

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the significance of comprehensive risk analysis in the development of multimodal transportation. And explain how the proposed FAHP-DEA methodology contributes to identifying and prioritizing risks in this context.

Multimodal transportation has become a main focus of logistics systems due to environ- mental concerns, road safety issues, and traffic congestion. Consequently, research and policy interests in multimodal freight transportation problems are increasing. However, there are major challenges in the development of multimodal transportation associated with inherent risks and numerous uncertainties. Since risks are potential threats that directly impact logistics and transportation systems, comprehensive risk analysis should be carried out. Risk analysis is a critical process of identifying and analyzing significant issues to help industry mitigate those risks. However, identifying and prioritizing risks is more complex because of the ambiguity of the relevant data. This study proposes the integration of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for identifying and assessing quantitative risks. The proposed FAHP-DEA methodology uses the FAHP method to determine the weights of each risk criterion. The DEA method is employed to evaluate the linguistic variables and generate the risk scores. The simple additive weighting (SAW) method is used to aggregate risk scores under different risk criteria into an overall risk score. A case study of the coal industry demonstrates that the proposed risk analysis model is practical and allows users to more accurately prioritize risks while selecting an optimal multimodal transportation route. The process raises user’s attention to the high-priority risks and is useful for industries in optimizing a multimodal transportation route under risk decision criteria.

A Risk Analysis Based on a Two-Stage Model of Fuzzy AHP-DEA for Multimodal Freight Transportation Systems KWANJIRA KAEWFAK 1,2, VAN-NAM HUYNH 1, (Member, IEEE), VEERIS AMMARAPALA2, AND NANTAPORN RATISOONTORN3 1School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi 923-1292, Japan 2School of Management Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand 3NECTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand Corresponding author: Veeris Ammarapala (veeris@siit.tu.ac.th) This work was supported by the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan, the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), and the Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Thailand, through the SIIT-JAIST Dual Doctoral Degree Program Scholarship.

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What is the significance of the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway in the context of the region?

It is one of the two road links (the other being the Mughal Road) that connects the Kashmir Valley with the rest of India. The traffic on the highway is controlled by two control rooms, one in Srinagar and the other in Jammu.

https://www.paradise-kashmir.blogspot.com/ Posted by: Unknown Posted date: 04:40

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the primary challenges associated with the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

The highway often suffers from poor maintenance, leading to potholes, uneven surfaces, and deteriorating road conditions. These factors can contribute to accidents, especially when drivers are unable to navigate the road safely.

NH44 – Virtual Death Trap by Shabir

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Why does the highway experience continuous blockades, especially during winters?

During snow and ice road conditions, the City aims to maintain key travel routes which are vital for transportation and for emergency vehicle access.

https://www.whiterockcity.ca/320/Winter-Snow-Ice-Operations

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the objective of the present study regarding the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

The road network is critical to every country's transportation and communication. The state of the pavement is one component in determining the effectiveness of the road network. Roads have a key role in economic development and progress, as well as providing significant social advantages. Overloading on roads is a severe problem in India and other developing countries across the world. Although the subject of vehicle overloading is not new, there has not been much debate about it in emerging nations. It is believed that more than half of the commercial trucks travelling on India's national and state roadways are overcrowded. This is especially dangerous in places near mining operations. The carriers disregard and breach the regulatory axle load limitations and gross vehicle weight limits. The consequences of overloading are numerous. Newly constructed roads are subjected to accelerated loading circumstances, causing loads to surpass design limitations far before their intended life is over. As a result, roads collapse prematurely. The maintenance element gets complicated as a result of this feature, with the resulting fallout being poor road condition or high maintenance. Other negative consequences of overloading include higher road accidents, vehicle damage, slower speeds and inefficiency, delays in vehicular traffic, and congestion. A study was done to determine the root problems, and numerous suggestions were made.

A STUDY ON IMPACT OF VEHICLE OVERLOADING ON JAMMU- SRINAGAR NATIONAL HIGHWAY Junaid Rasool1, Manish Kaushal2 1M. Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India Correspondence should be addressed to Junaid Rasool; junaidrasool35@gmail.com

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the major challenges faced by the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway and how landslides impact the region's economy. Explain the importance of the study in addressing these challenges and proposing effective countermeasures.

Landslide mitigation refers to several man-made activities on slopes with the goal of lessening the effect of landslides. Landslides can be triggered by many concomitant causes. In addition to shallow erosion or reduction of shear strength caused by seasonal rainfall, landslides may be triggered by man-made activities like adding excessive weight above slopes, digging at mid-slope or at the foot of the slope. Often, individual phenomenon join together to generate instability over time: This often does not allow a reconstruction of the evolution of a particular landslide. Thus, landslide hazard mitigation measures are generally not classified according to the phenomenon that might cause a landslide. Instead, they are classified by the sort of slope-stabilisation method used:

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/environment/why-jammu-srinagar-national-highway-is-so-landslide-prone-69763 By Bilal Bashir Bhat Published: Friday 13 March 2020

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary focus of the research mentioned in the passage?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
How many machine learning algorithms were used for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the key factors considered for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research?

The frequency of landslides and related economic and environmental damage has increased in recent decades across the hilly areas of the world, no exception is Bangladesh. Considering the first step in landslide disaster management, different methods have been applied but no methods found as best one. As a result, landslide assessment using different methods in different geographical regions has significant importance. The research aims to prepare and evaluate landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) of the Chattogram district using three machine learning algorithms of Logistic Regression (LR), Random forest (RF) and Decision and Regression Tree (DRT). Sixteen landslide conditioning factors were determined considering topographic, hydro-climatic, geologic and anthropogenic influence. The landslide inventory database (255 locations) was randomly divided into training (80 %) and testing (20 %) sets. The LSMs showed that almost 9–12 % of areas of the Chattogram district are highly susceptible to landslides. The highly susceptible zones cover the Chattogram district's hill ranges where active morphological processes (erosion and denudation) are dominant. The ROC values for training data were 0.943, 0.917 and 0.947 and testing data were 0.963, 0.934 and 0.905 for LR, RF and DRT models, respectively. The accuracy is higher than the previous research in comparison to the extent of the study area and the size of the inventory. Among the models, LR showed the highest prediction rate and DRT showed the highest success rate. According to susceptibility zones, DRT is the more realistic model followed by LR. The maps can be applied at the local scale for landslide hazard management.

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using logistic regression, random forest and decision and regression tree models in Chattogram District, Bangladesh Md. Sharafat Chowdhury Md. Naimur Rahman Md. Sujon Sheikh Md. Abu Sayeida Hasan Mahmud Bibi Hafsa

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What percentage of the Chattogram district is identified as highly susceptible to landslides according to the LSMs?

The frequency of landslides and related economic and environmental damage has increased in recent decades across the hilly areas of the world, no exception is Bangladesh. Considering the first step in landslide disaster management, different methods have been applied but no methods found as best one. As a result, landslide assessment using different methods in different geographical regions has significant importance. The research aims to prepare and evaluate landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) of the Chattogram district using three machine learning algorithms of Logistic Regression (LR), Random forest (RF) and Decision and Regression Tree (DRT). Sixteen landslide conditioning factors were determined considering topographic, hydro-climatic, geologic and anthropogenic influence. The landslide inventory database (255 locations) was randomly divided into training (80 %) and testing (20 %) sets. The LSMs showed that almost 9–12 % of areas of the Chattogram district are highly susceptible to landslides. The highly susceptible zones cover the Chattogram district's hill ranges where active morphological processes (erosion and denudation) are dominant. The ROC values for training data were 0.943, 0.917 and 0.947 and testing data were 0.963, 0.934 and 0.905 for LR, RF and DRT models, respectively. The accuracy is higher than the previous research in comparison to the extent of the study area and the size of the inventory. Among the models, LR showed the highest prediction rate and DRT showed the highest success rate. According to susceptibility zones, DRT is the more realistic model followed by LR. The maps can be applied at the local scale for landslide hazard management.

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using logistic regression, random forest and decision and regression tree models in Chattogram District, Bangladesh Md. Sharafat Chowdhury Md. Naimur Rahman Md. Sujon Sheikh Md. Abu Sayeida Hasan Mahmud Bibi Hafsa

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the significance of landslide susceptibility mapping in the context of hazard management. How can the prepared maps be applied at the local scale for effective landslide risk reduction and mitigation in the Chattogram district?

Landslide susceptibility mapping is a common practice for landslide susceptibility assessment across the world. Like many other mountainous areas of the world, Bangladesh is facing frequent catastrophic landslides causing severe damage to the economy and society. As a result, several types of research have been conducted on landslides in Bangladesh. In the current research, a systematic review is conducted on the existing literature related to landslide susceptibility mapping to assess its contemporary trend with global research. The publications analyzed in this research were extracted from a website comprising landslide research of Bangladesh and by manual search. The aspects of the literature considered are year of publication, the journal where published, location/size of the study area, landslide inventory data type, susceptibility assessment/mapping method, thematic variables used, DEM characteristics, accuracy assessment methods and acquired accuracy of the models. The Chi-square test was conducted and correlation was measured to assess relation between selected features and map accuracy but no significant relationship was found. The studies are concentrated into three administrative districts of Chattogram, Rangamati and Cox's Bazar mainly covering the city centre. The publication rate is increasing but not following the global trend. Though various types of models are used and compared, the application of machine and deep learning algorithms are very limited and no evidence of Physically-based methods is found. Most of the cases, landslide inventory is prepared by conducting field survey, but the size is small. The research will help future practitioner in landslide susceptibility mapping research in the area.

A review on landslide susceptibility mapping research in Bangladesh by Md.Sharafat Chowdhury