โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary consideration in route selection for a multimodal transportation system?

In this research, the selection of an optimal multimodal transportation route is based on the multi-criteria that consist of transportation cost, transportation time, and transportation risks.

In this research.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which decision-making approach is utilized to determine the optimal multimodal transportation route in the proposed model?

This paper develops a decision support model using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and zero-one goal programing (ZOGP) to determine an optimal multimodal transportation route.

This paper develops a decision support model using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and zero-one goal programing (ZOGP) to determine an optimal multimodal transportation route.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does AHP stand for in the context of the decision support model?

This paper develops a decision support model using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and zero-one goal programing (ZOGP) to determine an optimal multimodal transportation route. AHP is employed to determine weights of each factor, which rely on expert judgments. The significant weights of criteria obtained from AHP can be integrated in the objective function of ZOGP which is used to generate the optimal route.

This paper develops a decision support model using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and zero-one goal programing (ZOGP) to determine an optimal multimodal transportation route. AHP is employed to determine weights of each factor, which rely on expert judgments. The significant weights of criteria obtained from AHP can be integrated in the objective function of ZOGP which is used to generate the optimal route.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the objective of the zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) in the model?

The significant weights of criteria obtained from AHP can be integrated in the objective function of ZOGP which is used to generate the optimal route.

The significant weights of criteria obtained from AHP can be integrated in the objective function of ZOGP which is used to generate the optimal route.

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Explanation: ZOGP is used to generate the optimal route by integrating weights obtained from AHP.

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): AHP is a method used to determine priorities among multiple criteria or alternatives. It allows decision-makers to compare and evaluate different factors based on their relative importance. In the context of ICT infrastructure investments, AHP helps assign weights to various attributes, considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Real Options (ROs): ROs analysis accounts for the flexibility inherent in investment decisions. Unlike traditional Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methods, which focus solely on monetary aspects, ROs consider managerial flexibility. For example, an ICT project may have a negative Net Present Value (NPV) but could offer future value-added services if conditions change favorably. Zero-one Goal Programming (ZOGP): ZOGP integrates AHP priorities with quantitative data to achieve optimal decision-making. It combines the qualitative insights from AHP with the need for quantitative optimization. By formulating a multi-objective, multi-criteria model, ZOGP helps prioritize ICT infrastructure projects effectively.

In summary, the integration of ROs, AHP, and ZOGP results in a comprehensive decision analysis framework called GROAHP. This approach considers both tangible and intangible factors, providing a holistic view for valuing and prioritizing ICT investments.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the main drivers for the increasing focus on multimodal transportation in logistics systems?

Multimodal transportation has become a main focus of logistics systems due to environmental concerns, road safety issues, and traffic congestion.

Multimodal transportation has become a main focus of logistics systems due to environmental concerns, road safety issues, and traffic congestion.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Why is comprehensive risk analysis considered crucial in the development of multimodal transportation?

However, there are major challenges in the development of multimodal transportation associated with inherent risks and numerous uncertainties. Since risks are potential threats that directly impact logistics and transportation systems, comprehensive risk analysis should be carried out.

However, there are major challenges in the development of multimodal transportation associated with inherent risks and numerous uncertainties. Since risks are potential threats that directly impact logistics and transportation systems, comprehensive risk analysis should be carried out.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary challenge in identifying and prioritizing risks in multimodal transportation?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which methodology is proposed for risk analysis in multimodal transportation in this study?

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the significance of comprehensive risk analysis in the development of multimodal transportation. And explain how the proposed FAHP-DEA methodology contributes to identifying and prioritizing risks in this context.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the significance of the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway in the context of the region?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the primary challenges associated with the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Why does the highway experience continuous blockades, especially during winters?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the objective of the present study regarding the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the major challenges faced by the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway and how landslides impact the region's economy. Explain the importance of the study in addressing these challenges and proposing effective countermeasures.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary focus of the research mentioned in the passage?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
How many machine learning algorithms were used for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the key factors considered for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research?

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What percentage of the Chattogram district is identified as highly susceptible to landslides according to the LSMs?

Sixteen landslide conditioning factors were determined considering topographic, hydro-climatic, geologic and anthropogenic influence. The landslide inventory database (255 locations) was randomly divided into training (80 %) and testing (20 %) sets. The LSMs showed that almost 9–12 % of areas of the Chattogram district are highly susceptible to landslides.

Sixteen landslide conditioning factors were determined considering topographic, hydro-climatic, geologic and anthropogenic influence. The landslide inventory database (255 locations) was randomly divided into training (80 %) and testing (20 %) sets. The LSMs showed that almost 9–12 % of areas of the Chattogram district are highly susceptible to landslides.

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the significance of landslide susceptibility mapping in the context of hazard management. How can the prepared maps be applied at the local scale for effective landslide risk reduction and mitigation in the Chattogram district?

Definition: Landslide susceptibility refers to the likelihood of an area experiencing landslides based on its intrinsic properties (such as topography, geology, and land use). Mapping Process: By analyzing historical data and causal factors, susceptibility maps are created to highlight areas at risk. Significance: These maps provide a visual representation of vulnerable zones, aiding decision-makers, planners, and communities. Importance of Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: Early Warning: Identifying susceptible areas allows for early warning systems, enabling timely evacuation and risk reduction. Land Use Planning: Decision-makers can use these maps to guide urban planning, avoiding construction in high-risk zones. Infrastructure Protection: Maps help protect critical infrastructure (roads, buildings, utilities) by avoiding hazardous areas. Resource Allocation: Efficient allocation of resources for mitigation measures becomes possible. Community Awareness: Maps raise awareness among residents, empowering them to take preventive measures. Application at the Local Scale (Chattogram District): Risk Assessment: Overlaying susceptibility maps with population density, infrastructure, and land use data helps assess the potential impact of landslides. Zoning and Regulations: Local authorities can zone areas based on susceptibility (e.g., restrict construction in high-risk zones). Mitigation Strategies: Vegetation: Planting trees and stabilizing slopes can reduce landslide risk. Retaining Walls: Constructing retaining walls in vulnerable areas. Drainage Systems: Proper drainage minimizes water infiltration. Early Warning Systems: Installing sensors and alarms. Education and Preparedness: Community workshops on landslide risks and safety measures. Emergency Response Planning: Maps guide emergency services during landslides. Monitoring and Adaptation: Regularly updating maps based on new data and adjusting strategies. Challenges and Considerations: Data Availability: Accurate susceptibility maps require quality data (topography, rainfall, geology). Scale: Local-scale maps must consider micro-level variations. Community Engagement: Involving local communities ensures effective implementation. Policy Enforcement: Strict enforcement of regulations based on susceptibility maps is essential.

In summary, landslide susceptibility mapping provides a powerful tool for informed decision-making, risk reduction, and community safety. By integrating these maps into local policies and practices, the Chattogram district can proactively address landslide hazards and protect lives and property.