โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary consideration in route selection for a multimodal transportation system?

The primary consideration in route selection for a multimodal transportation system is typically a multi-objective optimization approach. This involves balancing various factors and objectives to determine the most efficient and cost-effective route for transporting goods across different modes of transportation. The key considerations in route selection for a multimodal transportation system include:

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems https://atlantis-press.com/journals/ijcis/125952845/view

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which decision-making approach is utilized to determine the optimal multimodal transportation route in the proposed model?

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): AHP is a decision-making method that structures complex problems into a hierarchical model. It involves pairwise comparisons of criteria and alternatives, allowing decision-makers to prioritize and rank different factors influencing route choices.

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/ijcis/125952845/view

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does AHP stand for in the context of the decision support model?

In the context of the decision support model mentioned in the passage, AHP stands for "Analytic Hierarchy Process." Analytic Hierarchy Process is a decision-making method that is used to decompose a complex decision problem into a hierarchical structure of criteria and alternatives. AHP involves pairwise comparisons of these criteria and alternatives, allowing decision-makers to systematically analyze and prioritize different factors in the decision-making process. This method is particularly useful when there are multiple criteria to consider, and it helps in obtaining a structured and reasoned representation of decision preferences.

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/ijcis/125952845/view

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the objective of the zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) in the model?

The ZOGP model has been applied very frequently because it is simple to use and understand [33]. This technique is used to minimize the deviation from several objectives because of limited resources. To achieve this, the problem is generally formulated by using the ZOGP model. ZOGP can be used to select the alternatives because of the binary nature of the selection variables and the multiple conflicting criteria involved. In this research, we looked forward to finding the optimal multimodal transportation routes using a multi-objective optimization approach. Owing to the complexity of the transportation data, ZOGP was utilized to solve large-scale problems.

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/ijcis/125952845/view

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Explanation: ZOGP is used to generate the optimal route by integrating weights obtained from AHP.

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): AHP is a decision-making method that structures a complex problem into a hierarchical model. It involves breaking down the decision problem into a set of criteria and alternatives, and decision-makers then perform pairwise comparisons to establish the relative importance or weights of these criteria. Weights Obtained from AHP: The AHP process results in obtaining weights assigned to each criterion based on its importance in the decision-making hierarchy. These weights reflect the preferences or priorities assigned to different factors influencing the selection of freight routes. Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP): Zero-One Goal Programming is an optimization technique used when dealing with binary decision variables (zero or one). In the context of freight route choices, it could be used to model the inclusion or exclusion of specific routes, modes, or criteria. Integration of Weights from AHP: The weights obtained from the AHP process are integrated into the ZOGP model. This integration likely involves using the AHP weights as coefficients or factors in the ZOGP objective function, which represents the optimization goals. Generation of Optimal Route: By applying the ZOGP model with the integrated weights from AHP, the optimization process seeks to generate the optimal freight route. The model considers the binary decision variables (zero or one) based on the inclusion or exclusion of specific routes, modes, or criteria, guided by the priorities set in the AHP.

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/ijcis/125952845/view

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the main drivers for the increasing focus on multimodal transportation in logistics systems?

Multimodal transportation supports sustainability goals by allowing for the selection of modes with lower environmental impact for specific legs of the journey. This can include the use of rail or sea transport for long-distance travel, reducing carbon emissions.

A Risk Analysis Based on a Two-Stage Model of Fuzzy AHP-DEA for Multimodal Freight Transportation Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9173663

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Why is comprehensive risk analysis considered crucial in the development of multimodal transportation?

To overcome the difficulty, this study proposes a novel frame- work for analyzing risks in multimodal freight transportation systems

A Risk Analysis Based on a Two-Stage Model of Fuzzy AHP-DEA for Multimodal Freight Transportation Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9173663

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary challenge in identifying and prioritizing risks in multimodal transportation?

Data Availability and Quality: Gathering reliable and up-to-date data on risks across different transportation modes can be challenging. Incomplete or inaccurate data may lead to gaps in risk identification, making it difficult to prioritize risks effectively.

A Risk Analysis Based on a Two-Stage Model of Fuzzy AHP-DEA for Multimodal Freight Transportation Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9173663

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which methodology is proposed for risk analysis in multimodal transportation in this study?

Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are two distinct methodologies that are often employed in decision-making, optimization, and evaluation processes. Each methodology serves a specific purpose and has unique characteristics. Let's briefly explore each: 1.Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP): Objective: FAHP is a decision-making method that deals with complex, imprecise, or uncertain information in a structured manner. It extends the traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by incorporating fuzzy logic, allowing decision-makers to handle subjective judgments, uncertainties, and vagueness in the decision process. Key Components: Hierarchical Structure: FAHP involves breaking down a decision problem into a hierarchical structure of criteria and alternatives. Pairwise Comparisons: Decision-makers provide pairwise comparisons of criteria and alternatives, but in FAHP, linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers are used to express judgments. Fuzzy Logic: FAHP uses fuzzy logic to represent and manipulate uncertainties, enabling a more realistic reflection of decision-makers' subjective assessments. Applications: Decision Support: FAHP is widely used in decision support systems, especially in situations where there is a lack of precise data or when decision-makers need to express preferences in a qualitative manner. Complex Decision Problems: It is valuable in dealing with complex decision problems involving multiple criteria and alternatives. 2.Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): Objective: DEA is a mathematical modeling technique used for evaluating the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). It helps in assessing the performance of entities that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. Key Components: Efficiency Measurement: DEA measures the efficiency of DMUs by comparing their outputs to inputs, considering multiple performance indicators. Input and Output Data: DEA requires data on inputs (resources consumed) and outputs (products or services produced) to evaluate the efficiency of each unit. Decision Units: Entities being evaluated are referred to as decision-making units. These could be companies, organizations, or any entities that transform inputs into outputs. Applications: Performance Evaluation: DEA is commonly used in performance evaluation studies where multiple entities need to be compared based on their efficiency in resource utilization and output production. Benchmarking: It helps identify best practices and benchmarks for less efficient units to improve their performance. Resource Allocation: DEA can aid in optimizing resource allocation by identifying areas where efficiency improvements are needed. Integration of FAHP and DEA: The integration of FAHP and DEA is particularly powerful because it combines the benefits of fuzzy logic for handling uncertainties in decision-making (FAHP) with the quantitative efficiency evaluation provided by DEA. This integration is often applied in areas where both subjective judgments and quantitative performance measures are essential, such as in risk analysis, optimization, and performance improvement studies. For instance, in the context of risk analysis in multimodal transportation, FAHP can be employed to assess the subjective judgments and uncertainties associated with risk factors, while DEA can evaluate the efficiency of different transportation routes or modes under various risk scenarios. This combined approach provides decision-makers with a comprehensive understanding that considers both qualitative and quantitative aspects, leading to more informed and robust decision-making.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032113000233

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the significance of comprehensive risk analysis in the development of multimodal transportation. And explain how the proposed FAHP-DEA methodology contributes to identifying and prioritizing risks in this context.

Significance of Comprehensive Risk Analysis: 1.Complexity and Interconnectedness: Multimodal transportation involves the integration of various modes, such as road, rail, air, and sea. The interconnectedness of these modes adds complexity to the transportation network, making it susceptible to a wide array of risks. Comprehensive risk analysis helps in understanding the intricate relationships between different modes, identifying potential points of failure, and developing strategies to mitigate associated risks. Resilience and Business Continuity: 2.Understanding and prioritizing risks are essential for building resilience in multimodal transportation systems. By conducting a comprehensive risk analysis, stakeholders can develop contingency plans and implement measures to ensure business continuity in the face of disruptions. This resilience is critical for maintaining the flow of goods and services even in adverse conditions. Optimal Resource Allocation: 3.Effective risk analysis allows for optimal resource allocation. By identifying high-priority risks, decision-makers can allocate resources strategically to address the most critical vulnerabilities. This ensures that risk mitigation efforts are targeted efficiently, maximizing the impact of available resources. Regulatory Compliance and Reputation Management: 4.Compliance with regulations is a key consideration in multimodal transportation. Comprehensive risk analysis aids in identifying risks related to regulatory non-compliance, enabling organizations to align their operations with relevant standards. Additionally, managing risks helps protect the reputation of transportation providers by demonstrating a commitment to safety, security, and environmental responsibility.

The Role of FAHP-DEA Methodology: 1.Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP): FAHP is employed to address uncertainties and vagueness in the decision-making process. In the context of risk analysis in multimodal transportation, FAHP allows decision-makers to handle subjective judgments and uncertainties when assigning weights to various risk criteria. This enhances the accuracy and reliability of the risk assessment. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): 2.DEA is utilized to evaluate the relative efficiency of different decision-making units. In the context of multimodal transportation risk analysis, DEA aids in assessing the efficiency of risk mitigation strategies or the performance of various transportation routes under different risk scenarios. This quantitative analysis supports evidence-based decision-making. Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Factors: 3.The FAHP-DEA methodology integrates qualitative assessments from experts (using FAHP) with quantitative data (using DEA). This integration allows for a more holistic understanding of risks in multimodal transportation, considering both subjective judgments and objective performance metrics. It facilitates a comprehensive assessment that captures the nuances of the complex transportation environment. Identification and Prioritization of Risks: 4.FAHP-DEA contributes to the identification and prioritization of risks by systematically evaluating the importance of different risk factors and their impact on the efficiency of transportation operations. The methodology assists in identifying critical nodes, modes, or routes that require special attention in risk management efforts.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the significance of the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway in the context of the region?

Strategic Importance: Connectivity: The highway serves as a crucial road link connecting the regions of Jammu and Kashmir. It provides the primary surface link between the winter capital Jammu and the summer capital Srinagar. Defense Significance: Given the region's geopolitical sensitivity, the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway is of strategic importance for defense and security purposes. It serves as a vital supply route for the armed forces and facilitates the movement of personnel and equipment. Economic Lifeline: Trade and Commerce: The highway plays a pivotal role in promoting economic activities by facilitating the movement of goods, commodities, and people between the two major cities of Jammu and Srinagar. It serves as a lifeline for trade and commerce in the region. Tourism: The scenic beauty of the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway makes it a popular route for tourists. The highway contributes to the tourism industry by connecting visitors to picturesque locations and cultural sites. Connectivity and Accessibility: All-Weather Connectivity: The Jammu-Srinagar National Highway is designed to provide all-weather connectivity. However, due to challenging terrain and weather conditions, the highway can face disruptions, highlighting the engineering challenges associated with maintaining year-round accessibility. Remote Area Connectivity: The highway plays a critical role in connecting remote and hilly areas, ensuring that even the most isolated regions have access to essential services and connectivity. Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Response: Emergency Situations: In times of natural disasters, such as earthquakes or heavy snowfall, the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway becomes a lifeline for providing humanitarian aid and facilitating disaster response efforts. It allows for the swift movement of relief materials, rescue teams, and medical assistance. Challenges and Resilience: Engineering Challenges: The highway traverses challenging terrain, including mountainous regions and areas prone to landslides. The engineering feats required to construct and maintain the highway underscore the resilience and determination to overcome geographical obstacles. Weather-Induced Disruptions: The region experiences extreme weather conditions, including heavy snowfall during winters and the risk of landslides during monsoons. These factors contribute to periodic disruptions in the smooth functioning of the highway.

Connecting Kashmir: Jammu-Srinagar highway on way to become express highway

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the primary challenges associated with the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

Geographical Challenges: Mountainous Terrain: The highway traverses mountainous terrain with steep slopes and narrow passages. Negotiating such challenging topography requires extensive engineering efforts. Landslides: The region is prone to landslides, especially during the monsoon season. Landslides pose a significant threat to the stability of the road and often lead to temporary closures.

Connecting Kashmir: Jammu-Srinagar highway on way to become express highway Read more at: https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/roads-highways/connecting-kashmir-jammu-srinagar-highway-on-way-to-become-express-highway/94904787

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Why does the highway experience continuous blockades, especially during winters?

Heavy Snowfall: High-altitude Terrain: The highway passes through high-altitude terrain, especially in regions like the Jawahar Tunnel. These elevated areas are prone to heavy snowfall during the winter months. Snow Accumulation: The continuous snowfall leads to the accumulation of snow on the road surface, making it difficult to keep the highway open without regular snow clearance operations.

https://www.autonationmobileservice.com/blog/continuous-hard-braking-on-ice-and-snow-often/

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the objective of the present study regarding the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway?

Landslides triggered by intense rainfall are hazards that impact people and infrastructure across the world, but comprehensively quantifying

A STUDY ON IMPACT OF VEHICLE OVERLOADING ON JAMMU- SRINAGAR NATIONAL HIGHWAY https://www.ijirem.org/DOC/86-a-study-on-impact-of-vehicle-overloading-on-jammu-srinagar-national-highway.pdf

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the major challenges faced by the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway and how landslides impact the region's economy. Explain the importance of the study in addressing these challenges and proposing effective countermeasures.

Perpetual kineticism from heavy vehicular traffic is another cause of landslides in the regions around Jammu-Srinagar highway.

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/environment/why-jammu-srinagar-national-highway-is-so-landslide-prone-69763

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary focus of the research mentioned in the passage?

The primary focus of the research mentioned in the passage is to conduct landslide susceptibility mapping in Chattogram District, Bangladesh, using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The study employs various statistical models, specifically logistic regression, random forest, and decision and regression tree models, to assess and map the susceptibility of different areas in Chattogram District to landslides. The objective is likely to identify and understand the factors contributing to landslide susceptibility, provide spatial information about vulnerable areas, and offer a tool for better landslide risk management and mitigation in the region.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376358205_GIS-based_landslide_susceptibility_mapping_using_logistic_regression_random_forest_and_decision_and_regression_tree_models_in_Chattogram_District_Bangladesh

โจทย์ ปรนัย
How many machine learning algorithms were used for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research?

The passage mentions three machine learning algorithms used for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research: 1.Logistic Regression 2.Random Forest 3.Decision and Regression Tree Models

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023106323

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What are the key factors considered for landslide susceptibility mapping in the research?

The passage does not provide specific details about the key factors considered for landslide susceptibility mapping in Chattogram District, Bangladesh, using GIS and machine learning models. However, in landslide susceptibility mapping studies, the key factors typically include various geomorphological, geological, climatic, and land-use variables. These factors can contribute to the identification of areas prone to landslides.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755326/

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What percentage of the Chattogram district is identified as highly susceptible to landslides according to the LSMs?

The LSMs showed that almost 9–12 % of areas of the Chattogram district are highly susceptible to landslides. The highly susceptible zones cover the Chattogram district's hill ranges where active morphological processes (erosion and denudation) are dominant.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023106323

โจทย์ อัตนัย
Essay | Discuss the significance of landslide susceptibility mapping in the context of hazard management. How can the prepared maps be applied at the local scale for effective landslide risk reduction and mitigation in the Chattogram district?

The frequency of landslides and related economic and environmental damage has increased in recent decades across the hilly areas of the world, no exception is Bangladesh. Considering the first step in landslide disaster management, different methods have been applied but no methods found as best one. As a result, landslide assessment using different methods in different geographical regions has significant importance. The research aims to prepare and evaluate landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) of the Chattogram district using three machine learning algorithms of Logistic Regression (LR), Random forest (RF) and Decision and Regression Tree (DRT). Sixteen landslide conditioning factors were determined considering topographic, hydro-climatic, geologic and anthropogenic influence. The landslide inventory database (255 locations) was randomly divided into training (80 %) and testing (20 %) sets. The LSMs showed that almost 9-12 % of areas of the Chattogram district are highly susceptible to landslides. The highly susceptible zones cover the Chattogram district's hill ranges where active morphological processes (erosion and denudation) are dominant. The ROC values for training data were 0.943, 0.917 and 0.947 and testing data were 0.963, 0.934 and 0.905 for LR, RF and DRT models, respectively. The accuracy is higher than the previous research in comparison to the extent of the study area and the size of the inventory. Among the models, LR showed the highest prediction rate and DRT showed the highest success rate. According to susceptibility zones, DRT is the more realistic model followed by LR. The maps can be applied at the local scale for landslide hazard management.

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using logistic regression, random forest and decision and regression tree models in Chattogram District, Bangladesh https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376358205_GIS-based_landslide_susceptibility_mapping_using_logistic_regression_random_forest_and_decision_and_regression_tree_models_in_Chattogram_District_Bangladesh