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จงอ่านข่าวต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
Nineteen-year-old Antonio is about to take his first plane flight. Shortly after he boards the plane and sits down, a man in his late sixties sits next to him n the aisle seat. About half an hour after the plane takes off, the pilot announces that she is turning the seat belt light off and that “it is now safe to move about the cabin.”
The man in the aisle seat, who has introduced himself to Antonio as Ahaya, immediately unbuckles his seat belt and paces up and down the aisle a few times before returning to his seat. After about forty-five minutes, Ahaya gets up again, walks some more, then sits back down and does some foot and leg exercises. After the third time, Ahaya gets up and paces the aisles, Antonio asks him whether he is walking so much to accumulate steps on a pedometer or fitness tracking device. Ahaya laughs and says no, he is trying to do something even more important for his health- prevent a blood clot from forming in his legs.
อยากทราบว่า Ahaya เป็นโรคอะไร เพราะเหตุใด
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5. Deep Vein Thrombosis |
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Ahaya explains that he has a chronic condition called heart failure. Although it sounds scary, his condition is currently well-managed and he is able to lead a relatively normal lifestyle. However, it does put him at risk of developing other serious health conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is when a blood clot occurs in the deep veins, usually in the legs. Air travel, or other situations where a person has to sit for a long period of time, increases the risk of DVT. Ahaya’s doctor said that he was healthy enough to fly, but that he should walk frequently and do leg exercises to help avoid a blood clot
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Aisle by David Day, CC BY 2.0 via Flickr.com
Text adapted from Human Biology by CK-12 licensed CC BY-NC 3.0
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จงอ่านข่าวต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
A 54- year-old man complains of recurrent burning epigastric pain for the past six weeks and, during the past two weeks, the pain has often awakened him during the night. The pain lessens after meals but gets worse if he fasts for several hours. He has not been experiencing nausea or vomiting. His vital signs are: T = 37.1 ºC, P = 90/min, RR = 16/min, BP = 130/80 mm Hg. The physical examination is unremarkable except for some slight epigastric tenderness. When asked about his family’s medical history, the patient indicates that his mother and one of his two siblings have had recurring symptoms similar to those he is experiencing now.
จากข่าวข้างต้น อยากทราบว่าผู้ป่วยมีภาวะใด เพราะเหตุใด
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3. แผลกระเพาะอาหาร |
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The symptoms are suggestive of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which encompasses both gastric ulcers (GUs) and duodenal ulcers (DUs). This case most likely involves a DU. Abdominal pain is common to many gastrointestinal disorders, including PUD, but has poor predictive value for the presence of DU or GU. Nevertheless, one should always carry out a careful history and physical examination when dealing with a patient who may have PUD. Epigastric pain may manifest as a burning or gnawing discomfort, or as an ill-defined, aching sensation that resembles hunger pain. The typical pain pattern in DU occurs 90 min to 3 h after a meal and is often relieved by antacids or food. Pain that awakens the patient from sleep is the most discriminating symptom, with two-thirds of DU patients describing this complaint. In contrast, discomfort in GU patients may actually be precipitated by food. Also, nausea and weight loss are more common in GU patients.
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The physical exam is often unremarkable with PUD. Epigastric tenderness is the most frequent finding. Although not seen in the present case, additional symptoms may be indicative of complications associated with peptic ulcers. Dyspepsia that becomes constant, is no longer relieved by food or antacids, or radiates to the back may indicate a penetrating ulcer (pancreas). Sudden onset of severe, generalized abdominal pain may indicate perforation, as does a severely tender, boardlike abdomen. Pain that worsens with meals, nausea, and vomiting of undigested food suggests gastric outlet obstruction, as does the presence of a succussion splash (indicative of retained fluid in the stomach). Tarry stools or coffee ground emesis indicate bleeding. Tachycardia and orthostasis suggest dehydration secondary to vomiting or active gastrointestinal blood loss.
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| 3 |
จงอ่านข่าวต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
A 53- year- old man starts to experience bifrontal headaches. The headaches are relieved by aspirin, but they recur periodically over the next two weeks. The man and his wife begin to wonder what is going on because he has no previous history of persistent headaches. As a matter of fact, his health has been very good. He has never smoked, drinks only in moderation, and is not taking any medications. Nevertheless, the man’s periodic headaches persist for another week, at which point he suddenly starts to have focal seizures with involuntary movement of the right side of his face and arm. His wife rushes him to the ER where, While awiting treatment, he suffers a generalized seizure that is controlled with intravenous diazepam, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. The man’s vital signs are T = = 37 ºC, P = 110/min, RR = 18/min, BP = 140/80 mm Hg. On physical examination, he is sleepy and has a decreased attention span. He can move all of his extremities, although he moves his right arm less than his left. His left optic disk is slightly blurred, but there are no other remarkable physical findings. The ER physicians ask the man’s wife about his medical history. She says that, aside frome the headaches, his only recent complaint was a painfully sore tooth that resulted in an extraction and bridge work about five weeks ago.
จากบทความข้างต้น อยากทราบว่าผู้ป่วยคนนี้เป็นโรคอะไร เพราะเหตุใด
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3. ฝีในสมอง |
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จงอ่านข่าวต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
Hakeem is concerned about his health – he has been unusually tired, has been losing weight and most recently, found an unexpected lump on the side of his neck
Dr. Hayes precribes an antibiotic in case Hakeem has a bacterial infection, and advises him to return in a few weeks if his lymph node does not shrink, or if he is not feeling better. Hakeem returns a few weeks later. He is not feeling better and his lymph node is still enlarged
Hakeem ป่วยเป็นโรคอะไร เพราะอะไร
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3. มะเร็งต่อมน้ำเหลือง |
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จงอ่านข้อความต่อไปนี้แล้วตอบคำถาม
A 57-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with the complaint of postmenopausal bleeding. During her workup, a CT scan of her abdomen shows a 12-cm right ovarian mass.
อยากทราบต้องตรวจหาอะไรเพิ่มเติมจากเคสนี้
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3. ติดเชื้อในช่องคลอด |
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จากการอ่านบทความเรื่อง
Effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on hospital admissions of young children for acute lower respiratory infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
อยากทราบว่าในฤดูแล้ง มีสารใดที่มีปริมาณสารเพิ่มขึ้นเป็นพิเศษ จากเหตุใด
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4. PM 2.5 และ PM10 |
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จากการอ่านบทความเรื่อง
Long-term effects of radiation exposure on health
อยากทราบว่าค่า ERR กับ EAR เหมือนกันหรือไม่
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3. ERR คือความเสี่ยงเสริม |
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จากบทความเรื่องวิตามินดี สรุปได้ว่าการใช้วิตามินดี สามารถช่วยให้การหลับมีคุณภาพมากขึ้น โดย P = 0.04 หมายความว่าอย่างไร
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1. ผลการทดลองมีนัยสำคัญ |
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จากบทความในหัวข้อ Climate change อยากทราบว่ากล่องสีฟ้าในภาพหมายถึงสิ่งใด
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3. ผู้ที่ได้รับผลกระทบน้อยมากจาก Climate change |
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จากบทความในหัวข้อ Risk factors from environment อยากทราบว่า noise pollution จะทำให้เกิดโรคใดที่ยังต้องการหลักฐานเพิ่มเติม
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3. brain death |
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ข้อใดคือผลจากการผิดพลาดของกระบวนการ DNA replication
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1. mutation |
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มีงานวิจัยใหม่ว่าระบบ CRISPR-cas system สามารถใช้เพื่อ mosquito control ได้ นักเรียนคิดว่าทำได้อย่างไร
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ยีน CMPK2 มีผลกับ function ของ mitochondria อยากทราบว่าหากยีนนี้เกิดการ mutation จะสามารถเกิดผลกับสมองอย่างไรได้บ้าง
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4. blood clot in brain |
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ข้อใดไม่ใช่การทดลองโดยอิงหลักการ Epigenetics
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2. environmental chemicals |
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ข้อใด เกี่ยวข้องกับ P53 น้อยที่สุด
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4. gene mutation |
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จากบทความ cancer ที่ให้ไป การรักษา TNBC ควรทำอย่างไร
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2. Immunotherapy |
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จากบทความเรื่อง COVID-19 relationship ระหว่าง COVID-19 &Obesity เป็นอย่างไร
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2. มีอัตราการตาย 50% |
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ข้อใด คือ Infectious disease ที่มีผลจากด้านสังคม
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5. ทั้งหมดที่กล่าวมา |
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ข้อใดไม่ใช่ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง cancer& nervous system
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4. tumor metastasis |
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“Epicardial adipose tissue” มีหน้าที่ใด
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1. cardiac metabolism |
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